LNG成套装置换热器关键技术分析  

A technical analysis of heat exchangers in LNG plants and terminals

作　　者：陈永东[1] 陈学东 

机构地区：[1]合肥通用机械研究院 [2]国家压力容器与管道安全工程技术研究中心

出　　处：《天然气工业》2010年第1期96-100,共5页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(编号:2008BAF34B14)

摘　　要：换热器是LNG成套装置的关键部件,汽化器和主低温换热器在LNG接收站和液化装置中扮演了重要的角色。为此,从结构、材料、传热与流动3个方面分析了开架式汽化器、带有中间介质的汽化器以及缠绕管式换热器3种典型的汽化器的关键技术,并结合工艺流程分析了缠绕管式换热器、板翅式换热器作为LNG液化装置主低温换热器的特点,最后对大型LNG成套装置中汽化器和主低温换热器实现国产化提出了如下建议:①加强基础研究;②立足全国的技术能力,对汽化器和MCHE的材料进行拓展研究,对其承压特性、表面特性、加工特性进行深入研究;③全面提高汽化器和MCHE的制造工艺技术及大型化生产能力;公正、客观、科学地选择与接收站以及液化工厂相适应的换热器;④对进口换热器的实际运行进行全面跟踪,开展基于风险与寿命的LNG成套装置换热器设计与制造的研究工作。As heat exchangers are the important parts of the LNG production or transportation units,vaporizers and main cryogenic heat exchangers (MCHEs) play important roles either in LNG receiving terminals or LNG plants.Therefore,from three aspects of structures,materials,heat transfer and fluids flow,the most essential technical parts were discussed in detail of three classic types of vaporizers,namely the open-rack vaporizer (ORV),intermediate fluid vaporizer (IFV),and spiral wound vaporizer (SWV).And in combination with the production process,the characteristics of spiral wound heat exchangers and plate-fin heat exchangers as the MCHEs were also discussed respectively.Finally,the following suggestions were presented here for both vaporizers and MCHEs to be hopefully made in China:a.fundamental studies should be encouraged;b.the materials should be deeply studied including their stress-bearing,surface properties and processing characteristics;c.the technology and manufacturing scale should be improved;d.the corresponding heat exchangers should be carefully chosen for LNG terminals and LNG plants in a fair,objective,and scientific way;e.the imported heat exchanger should be tracked completely in their actual use,and f.risk-and lifetime-based studies of LNG heat exchangers in their design and manufacture should be performed as well.

关 键 词：LNG接收站 LNG液化工厂 汽化器 主低温换热器 结构 材料传热与流动 技术 

分 类 号：TE965[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]