中国水稻国外引种概况及效益分析  

Beneficial Analysis on Introduced Rice Germplasm from Abroad in China

作　　者：魏兴华[1] 汤圣祥[1] 余汉勇[1] 王一平[1] 袁筱萍[1] 徐群[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310006

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2010年第1期5-11,共7页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所专项资金资助项目(2009RG001-3);农业部引进国际先进农业科学技术计划资助项目[2006-G8(4)-16]

摘　　要：建国以来,我国通过各种途径引进了各类国外水稻种质,其中9963份已被国家种质库正式编目。通过检疫、隔离种植和多年评价,一批优异种质被直接或间接利用于水稻育种和生产。在我国水稻生产中,连续几年年种植面积超过6.67万hm2(100万亩)和在6670～66700hm2(10万～100万亩)的国外常规品种分别为22个和81个;具有国外胞质雄性不育和/或国外强恢复系(亲本/血缘)、年种植面积超过40万hm2(600万亩)的杂交水稻组合33个;一大批国外引进种质已成为不同时期我国高产、优质和多抗水稻育种的骨干亲本,近60年来衍生了2000余个新品种。据不完全统计,60年来,因直接和间接利用国外引入水稻种质而增产的稻谷超过773亿kg,产生了巨大的经济效益和社会效益。因此,加强国外水稻种质资源的引入,对于丰富我国稻种资源宝库,增加遗传多样性,防止遗传脆弱性,保证我国粮食安全意义重大。Since 1949, more than 9963 varieties and entries of foreign rice germplasm have been introduced into China for evaluation and utilization. Among of which, 22 and 81 introduced varieties were annually planted over 66 700 hectare and 6 670-- 66 700 hectare each in some years, respectively. There were 33 most important rice hybrids derived from foreign cytoplasmic male sterile and/or restorer descents with the largest annual planting area more than 0.4 million hectare each in a certain period. Besides, a large number of elite foreign rice materials have been utilized as cross bone-parents in various breeding programs, from which more than 2000 new varieties have been created and released for cultivation during the pasted 60 years. The statistical analysis indicated that more than 77.3 million tones of rough rice had been increased due to direct and/or indirect utilization of these introduced foreign rice varieties/materials, showing significant benefits both in economic and social domains. Therefore, strengthening introduction of foreign rice germplasm is one of the agricultural strategies to enrich cultivar＇s genetic diversity in rice improvement,and to increase, rice production for food security in China.

关 键 词：水稻 遗传资源 国外引种 品种改良 经济效益 社会效益 

分 类 号：S511.02[农业科学—作物学]