实验埋葬学及其研究进展  

EXPERIMENTAL TAPHONOMY AND ITS DEVELOPMENT

作　　者：张兴亮[1] 舒德干[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学地质系

出　　处：《地球科学进展》1998年第6期518-525,共8页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金;国家科委攀登计划项目

摘　　要：实验埋葬学是涉及地质学、生物学、化学、物理学等学科的一门交叉渗透性研究科学。它是在实验条件下研究生物或生物残体由生物圈转变到岩石圈的一系列变化过程及其与环境因素之间的相互作用关系。通过对环境因素的控制，研究各生物类别和组织类型的保存潜力及可能的保存状态，以及各环境因素在化石形成过程中的作用和结果。近年来的实验研究已为解决软躯体化石库的成因、早期核生物的鉴定、牙形动物和伊迪卡拉生物群的属性等一系列古生物学上的难题提供了新的思路。Experimental taphonomy is a multidisciplinary research on the processes of fossilization,which is involved in geology, biology, chemistry and physics. It studies the transition of organism remains from the biosphere to the lithosphere,and interactions between organism remains and environmental factors in laboratory.By controlling the environmental factors, the relative preservation potential of different taxa and different tissue types as well as the possible depositional orientations can be assessed,which are critical to the interpretation of fossil materials. At the same time,the study of actions and results of environmental factors in the processes of fossilization provides a new method for the palaeoenvironmental analysis. A series of taphonomic experiments recently made throw a new light on some great puzzles in palaeontology, such as the origination of soft tissue preservation, the identification of early eukaryotes, the affinities of conodont animal and the nature of Ediacaran biota etc. Therefore, Experimental taphonomy is a new approach of science for palaeontology and palaeoenvironmental analysis.

关 键 词：埋葬学 实验埋葬学 古生物学 古环境分析 化石 

分 类 号：Q911.2[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]