炮击金门:苏联的应对与中苏分歧  

Bombardment of Quemoy (Jinmen):The Soviet Reaction and the Sino-Soviet Discord

作　　者：沈志华[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学冷战国际史研究中心

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2010年第1期4-21,共18页History Research And Teaching

基　　金：上海重点学科建设项目资助,项目编号:B406

摘　　要：毛泽东决定炮击金门的目的就是要迫使蒋介石放弃沿海岛屿，而他最担心的就是美国的干预。为此，毛泽东设法把不知内情的赫鲁晓夫引到北京并发表了联合公报，试图利用中苏同盟的威力来影响美国的决策。由于金门守军的坚持和美国的援助，台湾海峡的紧张局势愈演愈烈，苏联不得不出面为中国大陆提供核保护，以对抗美国的核恐吓。在危机处理的具体方式上，中苏之间发生意见分歧。苏联希望通过军事援助和召开国际会议等途径控制远东局势，而中国拒绝了莫斯科的建议，坚持“以我为主”独立解决问题。台海危机虽然因毛泽东决定放弃夺取金门而消除，但其结果却在中苏之间形成芥蒂。危机期间，中苏同盟显示了其力量和影响，同时也受到了伤害。Mao Zedong decided to bombard Quemoy for the purpose of forcing Chiang Kai-shek to give up the offshore islands. In the meantime he was anxious about American interference. To use the Sino-Soviet alliance to deter the Americans, Mao schemed to get Nikita Khrushchev, who knew little about Mao＇s intentions, to visit Beijing and issue a joint eommunique with the Chinese leadership. The defense of Quemoy nevertheless persevered with American assistance. As the Taiwan Strait crisis became increasingly intensified, the Soviet Union felt compelled to provide China with nuclear protection to fend off the nuclear intimidation by the United States. The Chinese and Soviet leaderships split over how to deal with the crisis. The Soviets wanted to manage the Far Eastern situation by providing military assistance to China as well as calling international conferences. Insisting on a ＂self-centered＂ orientation in solving the crisis independently, the Chinese leadership rejected Moscow＇s propositions. Although eventually the Taiwan Strait crisis ended because of Mao＇s change of mind about capturing Que- moy, the event created mutual misgivings between China and the Soviet Union. During the crisis, the Sino-Soviet alliance proved effective and powerful, and at the same time sustained damages.

关 键 词：赫鲁晓夫 毛泽东 中苏关系 台海危机 

分 类 号：D829.512[政治法律—政治学]