长期不同施肥下红壤氮素的演变特征  

The variation characteristics of nitrogen in red soil under long-term different fertilization

作　　者：王娟[1,2] 吕家珑[1] 徐明岗[2] 段英华[2] 王伯仁[2] 黄晶[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2010年第1期1-6,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家基础性工作专项项目(2007FY220400);国家“十一五”重点科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B09、2006BAD02A14);国家“863”计划项目(2006AA10Z417)

摘　　要：为阐明长期不同施肥对红壤全氮和碱解氮含量变化的影响，探讨提高土壤肥力和合理施肥的模式，连续观测了16年不同施肥处理的红壤全氮和碱解氮含量，并分析了其相关关系。结果表明，不同施肥16年后，增量氮磷钾化肥有机肥配施（1．5NPKM）处理的土壤全氮含量呈上升趋势，16年增加了43．9％，年均增加0．03g·kg^-1；氮磷钾配合施用及其配施有机物（NPK、NPKS、NPKM和M）处理的土壤全氮含量随时间变化不大，基本维持在0．90～1．33g·kg^-1；不施氮肥（CK、PK）和氮磷（NP）、氮钾（NK）配施下的土壤全氮含量呈下降趋势，这4个处理的土壤伞氮16年平均下降了33．8％，年均下降0．02g·kg^-1。不同施肥的土壤碱解氮变化趋势与全氮类似，1．5NPKM处理的土壤碱解氮16年上升86．0％，年均增加3．33mg·kg^-1；NP、NK、NPK、NPKS、NPKM和M处理的土壤碱解氮随时间变化不大，基本维持在84．4～110mg·kg^-1；而CK、PK两处理的土壤碱解氮含量平均下降了30．3％，年均下降1．66mg·kg^-1。在不同施肥处理下，土壤碱解氮含量均与全氮含量呈显著正相关。单施有机肥、无机氮磷钾合理配比、以及有机一无机肥配施是维持和提高土壤氮素肥力的有效措施，而不施氮肥或偏施氮肥都会导致土壤氮素肥力降低。The effects of long-term different fertilization on the variations of soil total nitrogen content （ STNC ） and soil alkali-hydro nitrogen content （SANC） were studied under a 16-year long-term experiment in upland red soil to find a mode to improve soil fertility and nitrogen use efficiency. The results indicated that STNC and SANC had similar variation characteristics under long-term different fertilization. Treated with 1.5NPKM for 16 years, STNC and SANC increased by 43.9% and 86. 0% respectively, with an annual average increase of 0. 03 g·kg^-1 and 3.33 mg·kg^-1; Under no N fertilizer （CK and PK） , NP and NK treatments, the STNC and SANC （average of the 4 treatments） decreased by 33.8% and 30.3% respectively, with an annual average decrease of 0.02g·kg^-1 and 1.66 mg·kg^-1; On contrast, they changed little with time under NPK, NPKS, NPKM and M treatments. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between STNC and SANC. Therefore, it could be inferred that application of organic fertilizer, or soundly combined NPK chemical fertilizer or NPK chemical fertilizer together with organic matter fertilizer were effective measures to maintain and improve soil N fertility. Both no fertilizer and only N fertilizer application will cause the decrease of soil N fertility in red soil.

关 键 词：红壤 旱地 全氮 碱解氮 长期施肥 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S157.41[农业科学—农业基础科学]