冷端方向对脉冲管制冷机性能的影响  

Effect of Cold Tip Direction on Pulse Tube Refrigerator

作　　者：杨鲁伟[1] 孙卫佳[1] 周远[1] 梁惊涛[1] 张平生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院低温技术实验中心

出　　处：《低温与超导》1998年第4期19-24,共6页Cryogenics and Superconductivity

基　　金：国家超导中心资助

摘　　要：有关脉冲管制冷机分析中重力对脉冲管制冷机的性能一般是忽略的，即使在数值计算中，重力也不考虑。但最近，国外研究者实验发现了重力方向对脉冲管制冷机有较大影响。文中介绍了作者在空调压缩机驱动的同轴脉冲管制冷机实用化产品样机上的实验结果。实验表明：脉冲管冷端方向向下获得的制冷温度最低，冷端向上获得的制冷温度最高。当水平置时，制冷温度介于二者之间。表明重力在冷端向下时可以改善制冷性能，在冷端向上时降低制冷机性能。这一结果也有别于国外结果。这一问题对脉冲管制冷机的实际应用提出了进一步的要求。Generally, gravity effect on pulse tube is omitted in analyzing and numerical calculation. But recently, experiment shows that gravity has an evident effect on performance. In this paper, authors analyze the cold direction and confirmed that the downward arrangement of pulse tube cold tip is most advantage to stable the gas in pulse tube. But the gravity amplitude is very small to force flow due to pressure wave. A practical prototype that will present for Nanjing University is used to test. Experiment shows that cold tip downward has a evident good performance than cold tip horizontal, and worst result was got with cold tip upward. This test means that further research of gravity on performance is necessary and in actual application, this should be considered.

关 键 词：同轴脉冲管 制冷机 冷端放置方向 性能 

分 类 号：TB651[一般工业技术—制冷工程]