南海北部边缘盆地油气成因及运聚规律与勘探方向  

Genetic Types,Migration and Accumulation of Oil & Gas and Exploration Proposal in North Marginal Basins,South China Sea

作　　者：何家雄[1] 吴文海 祝有海[3] 陈胜红 崔莎莎[1] 龚晓峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院边缘海地质重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]中国石油渤海湾钻探公司井下作业地质研究所,河北任丘062552 [3]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037 [4]中海石油有限公司深圳分公司研究院,广东广州510240

出　　处：《天然气地球科学》2010年第1期7-17,共11页Natural Gas Geoscience

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(编号:2007CB41170501;2009CB219501)联合资助

摘　　要：南海北部新生代准被动大陆边缘盆地区域地质背景特殊、地球动力学条件复杂、油气地质现象丰富多彩,不同成因类型油气分布具有一定的规律性。根据油气勘探及研究程度,南海北部边缘盆地迄今为止勘探所发现的烃类油气可划分为生物气及亚生物气、热成因正常成熟油气和高熟—过熟油气等3型7类;CO2等非烃气则可划分为3型4类;天然气水合物成因类型可划分为热解气(成熟—高熟)、生物气及亚生物气,但以后者为主。生物气及亚生物气在全区浅层及海底广泛分布;成熟陆源石蜡型油气主要分布于北部湾盆地及珠江口盆地北部裂陷带;成熟—高熟煤型凝析油气主要展布于琼东南盆地崖南凹陷及珠江口盆地西部珠三坳陷陆架浅水区;煤型气及CO2等非烃气则主要富集于莺歌海盆地泥底辟带浅层及琼东南盆地东部和珠江口盆地深大断裂发育区;深水油气及天然气水合物分布于琼东南盆地南部裂陷带及珠江口盆地南部裂陷带等陆坡深水区。因此,根据不同成因油气分布富集规律,可以确定最佳油气勘探方向,优选有利油气富集区带部署钻探,进而达到提高油气勘探成功率之目的。Different types of oil ＆ gas in the Cenozoic passive continental margin basin of Northern South Sea show a certain regularity based on the complex geologic setting, earth dynamics, and diversified appearance of oil and gas geology. Until present reseach and exploration of oil and gas, the discovered oil and gas can be divided into three types, such as biogenic and sub-biogenic gas, normal mature oil ＆ gas, highand over-mature oil ＆ gas. Three types of non-hydrocarbon gas can also be identified. Types of gas hydrates include thermally decomposed gas（mature and high mature gas）, biogenic gas and sub biogenic gas, and the later is prior. The biogenic and sub-biogenic gases are wide distributed in the shallow study area and sea floor. The normal mature continental paraffin oil ＆ gas were mainly distributed in the North Sea basin and the faulted depression zone of the Pearl River Mouth basin. The high and over-mature coal-type condensates were mainly found in the Yanan sag of Qiongdongnan basin and continental shelf area of the Zhusan depression in the western Pearl River Mouth basin. Coal-type gas and non-hydrocarbon gas （i. e. CO2） were mainly accumulated in muddy diapiric zones of the Yinggehai basin, the Eastern Qiongdongnan basin and deeply faulting areas of the Pearl River Mouth basin. Oil ＆ gas in deep water and gas hydrates were accumulated in the faulted depression zones of the southern Qiongdongnan basin and the continental slope deep water of the faulted depression zones in the southern Pearl River Mouth basin. So it enhances the exploration success rate by selecting the expected oil ＆ gas areas and optimizing the drilling well at favorable accumulation of oil and gas, base on the spatial distribution of different types oil and gas.

关 键 词：南海北部 烃类油气成因 CO2成因 运聚分布特征 油气勘探领域 

分 类 号：TE122.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]