完达山东部林区野猪种群数量和栖息地特征的初步分析  

Population size and habitat of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the eastern Wanda Mountains

作　　者：周绍春[1,2] 张明海[1] 孙海义 尹远新 黄海娇 于洪伟 卢向东[2] 葛东宁 田家龙 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江省野生动物研究所,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《兽类学报》2010年第1期28-34,共7页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家林业局野生动植物保护司资助项目:黑龙江省东北虎及猎物种群野外调查与监测;完达山地区东北虎生境评价与保护对策研究;国家“十一五”科技支撑计划专题(2008BADB0B0304)

摘　　要：2008年11月18日至2009年3月20日,为了调查黑龙江省完达山东部林区野猪种群数量和栖息地特征,我们采用随机布设样线的方法在东方红林业局境内13个林场共布设大样方40个,样线200条。调查结果表明,东方红林业局境内野猪分布平均密度为0.175头/km2,种群数量为546～680头;野猪主要分布在河口、奇源、青山、五林洞、独木河、海音山和东林7个林场,位于海拔300～800m的范围内。1989年调查的野猪平均密度为0.372头/km2,种群数量为1302头;2002年调查的野猪平均密度为0.342头/km2,种群数量为1198头。近年来野猪种群密度降低,种群数量呈加速下降趋势。对野猪栖息地特征分析表明,野猪喜欢选择中坡位、阳坡、坡度小于5°、地表植被盖度大于30%、隐蔽度和郁闭度在25%～50%之间的生境。阔叶林、灌丛是野猪的主要栖息地。非法捕猎、森林采伐、坚果采摘和东北虎的捕食是造成野猪种群数量减少、栖息地质量下降的主要因素。We estimated population size and performed a preliminary analysis of habitat selection of wild boar using line transects in Eastern Wanda Mountains, Heilongjiang Province, China from November 18, 2008 to March 20, 2009. We randomly set 40 sampling sites with 200 transect lines to collect field data on wild boars and their habitat at thirteen forestry farms operated by the Dongfenghong Forest Bureau. We estimated population density at 0.175 individuals/ km2 and abundance at 546-680 individuals. They were distributed in an elevation range of 300 to 800 m. The distribution areas of wild boars were mainly concentrated in Hekou, Qiyuan, Qingshan, Wulindong, Dumuhe, Haiyinshan, and Donglin forest farms. The population sizes and densities of wild boars were 0.3720 individuals/km2 and a total of 1 302 individuals in 1989, 0.3423 individuals/km2 and a total of 1198 individuals in 1989. We found marginal evidence that the population size decreased slowly from 1989 to 2002, then decreased rapidly from 2002 to 2008. On the other hand, the percentage of wild boar tracks lest in snow in various forest stands shown that wild boars choose habitats of middle slope position a sunny aspect, slope angle less than 5°, 25 to 50 percent shelter and canopy density, vegetation coverage more than 30 percentage. Wild boars prefer broadleaf forest and shrub. Four threatening factors, including illegal hunting to wild boar, forest harvesting, nut collection, and predation by Amur tigers contributed to declining population size and habitat degradation.

关 键 词：野猪 种群密度和数量 生境特征 威胁因素 完达山东部 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]