高原鼠兔挖掘活动对土壤中氮素含量的影响  

Influence of burrowing activity of plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) on nitrogen in soils

作　　者：刘伟[1] 许庆民 王溪[1] 赵建中[1] 周立[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810001 [2]青海省环境监测中心,西宁810007

出　　处：《兽类学报》2010年第1期35-44,共10页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十五"重大科技攻关资助项目(2001BA606A-02);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30970498)

摘　　要：本文通过测定不同类型高原鼠兔鼠丘和鼠丘下0～10cm土壤中总氮、铵态氮和硝态氮的含量变化,分析了高原鼠兔挖掘活动对土壤中无机氮含量的影响,并通过测定高原鼠兔鼠丘密度,计算了每只高原鼠兔对氮素循环的贡献。研究结果表明:不同类型鼠丘土壤中总氮含量无明显变化,铵态氮、硝态氮和无机氮含量处理间变化趋势为当年鼠丘>两年鼠丘>多年鼠丘>对照。方差分析结果表明,硝态氮含量在5月时差异显著,当年鼠丘和两年鼠丘显著大于多年鼠丘和对照,无机氮含量在5月和9月表现为当年鼠丘显著高于对照。在不同月份,铵态氮含量月间变化趋势为5～8月逐渐降低,至9月略有增加,硝态氮和无机氮含量呈现"高-低-高-低-高"的"W"变化趋势。方差分析结果显示,铵态氮、硝态氮和无机氮含量月间变化显著。不同类型鼠丘下0～10cm土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮和无机氮含量处理间和月份间变化趋势与鼠丘土壤中变化趋势基本一致,但硝态氮和无机氮含量在当年鼠丘中均显著高于对照,且不同月份间铵态氮、硝态氮和无机氮的含量差异显著(P<0.05)。每只高原鼠兔挖掘活动所形成的鼠丘土壤中的铵态氮、硝态氮和无机氮分别增加了162.6mg/kg、355.1mg/kg和497.7mg/kg。We analyzed the effects of burrowing activity of plateau pikas on inorganic nitrogen in soils by measuring the total nitrogen content, N-NH＋_4 content, and N-NO-_3 content in different sorts of mounds soil and in soil 0-10 cm below the mounds, and estimated increased sizes of inorganic nitrogen by mean mounds density rate. The results showed that total nitrogen contents were not changed in different sorts of mounds soil, and the trend for NH＋_4 nitrogen content, NO-_3 nitrogen content, inorganic content were： in new mounds in two-year mounds in multiyear mounds in control soil. The one way ANOVA results showed that NH＋_4 nitrogen content was not changed in different sorts of mounds soil, but NO-_3 nitrogen content in new mounds soil and in two-year-old mounds soil was greater than it was in multiyear mounds soil and in control soil in May （F=14.55,P0.001,df=3,12）, and inorganic content in new mounds was greater than it in control soils in May and September （F_May=14.55,P0.001,df=3,12;F_Sept.=3.92,P0.05,df=3,12）. N-NH＋_4 content reduced gradually from May to August, and increased in September, N-NO-_3 content and inorganic nitrogen content showed the trends of＂high-low-high-low-high＂ from May to September. The one way ANOVA results showed significant differences between months. N-NH＋_4 content, N-NO-_3 content and inorganic nitrogen content in soils 0-10 cm under different sorts mounds showed the same change as in mounds soils among months and treatments, but N-NO-_3 content and inorganic content were greater in soils 0-10 cm under new mounds soil than it was in control soil （P0.05） in the same month respectively, and N-NH＋_4 content, N-NO-_3 content and inorganic nitrogen content showed significant differences between different months of the magnitude of the changes in N-NH＋_4 content, N-NO-_3 content and inorganic nitrogen content were 162.6 mg/kg, 355.1 mg/kg and 497.7 mg/kg respectively in new mounds soil.

关 键 词：高原鼠兔 挖掘活动 土丘 氮含量 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]