外来入侵物种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)及凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)的遥感监测研究进展  

Progress on Monitoring of Two Invasive Species Smooth Cordgrass(Spatina alterniflora)and Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)by Remote Sensing

作　　者：章莹[1] 卢剑波[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生命科学学院农业生态与工程研究所,杭州310058

出　　处：《科技通报》2010年第1期130-137,共8页Bulletin of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30570320)

摘　　要：外来物种的入侵给生态系统带来了许多正面的和负面的影响,并已成为当前学术界关注的热点问题之一。为了有效地管理以及合理地开发利用外来入侵物种,变害为利,需要对其种群的空间分布和动态变化进行监测。然而由于沿海滩涂和水体表面特殊的自然地理环境,使得传统的实地调查较为困难。3S技术是近年来发展起来的,从较大尺度定量研究滩涂植被互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)或水生植被凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)的一种有效手段。研究人员通过收集不同时相的遥感影像,运用遥感处理软件对其进行分类解译,并结合GPS的野外核实修正,最后在GIS中对解译结果进行数据合成,即可统计出滩涂及水生植被的空间分布及动态变化。国内外的研究表明,3S技术可应用于外来入侵物种的动态监测,进而为入侵物种的控制与管理提供科学依据。但由于海岸带地区空间尺度相对较小,水生植物的空间分布变化比较剧烈,植被群落交错地带存在着混合像元,使得这一方法的分类精度具有一定的局限性,还需要进一步的研究和改进。Biological invasion has brought both positive and negative effects to ecosystem which has become a global focus. In order to put effective management of invasive species in practice and make better use of them,it is needed to monitor the spatial distribution and changes of populations. However, because of the severe condition, traditional field investigation is difficult to be employed in neither the tidal fiat nor the water surface. 3S technology is an effective approach to assessing aquatic vegetation,in this paper, smooth cordgrass （Spartina alterniflora）and water hyacinth （Eichhornia crass ipes ）,quantitatively at a large scale. First, researchers collect the remote sensing images of different phases ,then carry out a classification in RS software. After checked by field survey of selected areas ,classified images are integrated with other data in GIS to give spatial distribution and dynamic changes of populations. This paper shows that 3S technology can be applied to on-the-time monitoring of invasive species, which provide basis to control and manage them. Owing to the smallness of spatial scale of coast, the dramatic alteration of living space of aquatic plant population and the mixed pixel of vegetation ecotones,the accuracy of classification of this method has been limited,which needs further studies and improvements.

关 键 词：入侵物种 互花米草 凤眼莲 遥感 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]