我国太阳总辐射气候学计算方法研究  

Research on the Climatological Calculation Method of Solar Radiation in China

作　　者：和清华[1,2] 谢云[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2010年第2期308-319,共12页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"区域水土流失过程与趋势分析"(2007CB407203)

摘　　要：目前太阳辐射主要通过计算获得，因此建立太阳辐射的气候学计算方法十分必要。论文利用中国54个站1961--2000年的逐日太阳总辐射和日照百分率资料，分别以天文辐射、晴天太阳辐射和理想大气太阳辐射作为三种起始值建立了各站的太阳辐射回归方程，并对其经验系数进行聚类分析，分为东部和西部两个地区。然后利用54个站1961--1990年的资料建立了3种起始值情况下，东部、西部地区和全国统一的太阳总辐射计算公式。最后利用这些站1991-2000年的观测资料对所建立的公式进行了检验。结果表明：无论是利用分区还是全国统一公式都是以天文辐射为起始值时计算结果好，其中分区公式比全国统一公式的计算结果精度略高，但差别不大。全国54个站以天文辐射为起始值的分区公式相对误差变化于2．67％-19．30％，平均为7．79％。全国统一公式的相对误差变化于3．33％-18．75％，平均为8．39％。从模拟结果的地区差异看，无论采用何种起始值，都是西部地区模拟误差小于东部地区，这与西部地区干燥、空气湿度小有密切关系。与其他研究结果相比，论文所建立的各种公式模拟结果较好，这是由于采用的资料序列长、站点多。考虑到计算天文辐射所需参数容易获得，因此建议实际应用时，采用以天文辐射为起始值的全国统一公式。It is necessary to develop a climatological calculation method of solar radiation because of the limitation of solar radiation observations. Data of daily solar radiation and percentage of sunshine from 1961 to 2000 for 54 stations in China were used in this study to develop equations for solar radiation calculation. Empirical coefficients were fitted by using three initial values of extraterrestrial radiation, solar radiation under clear sky and ideal atmosphere respectively. Based on the cluster analysis of the coefficients, China was divided into the eastern and the western part. Furthermore, the calculation formulas of solar radiation for two regions and whole nation were established by using data from 54 stations covering 1961 to 1990. Finally, the established formulas were tested by using data from these stations covering 1991 to 2000. The results showed that the equations with extraterrestrial radiation as the initial value had the lowest relative error for both the regions and national formulas. The relative errors of equations with the extraterrestrial radiation were 2. 67% - 19. 30% and 7. 79% in average for regional equations and 3.33% - 18.75% and 8.39% in average for national equation. For spatial distribution of simulated accuracy, the relative errors were low in the western part for all the equations with three initial values. This is due to the dry climate and relative dry and clear atmosphere in the western. Comparing with other research results, the simulation accuracy with the formulas established in this study was better than the others, because the data with longer series denser stations was used. Considering both of the availability of variables in the equations and calculated accuracy, the national formula with the initial value of extraterrestrial radiation was suggested to be applied.

关 键 词：太阳辐射计算 天文辐射 晴天太阳总辐射 理想大气太阳总辐射 

分 类 号：P422.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]