山地枣树涌泉根灌适宜布置方式研究  

Appropriate Surge Spring Root Irrigation Layout of Jujube on Mountain Land

作　　者：张陆军[1] 汪有科[1,2,3] 辛小桂[1,2] 李红艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2010年第1期27-31,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重大科技支撑项目(2007BAD88B05)

摘　　要：以5年生梨枣树为试验树种,设置了4个处理(T1~T4),即每株枣树分别安装1、2、3、4个灌水器的布置方式,在灌水器流量4 L/h、埋深35 cm,单株枣树单次灌水量80 L情况下,对山地枣树涌泉根灌适宜布置方式进行了试验研究。结果表明,T2在灌水后土壤湿润体与枣树主要吸收根匹配最好,0~80 cm土层范围水分保持也较好;各处理枣树的枣吊长度、叶面积在停止生长后有一定的差异,枣吊平均长度顺序为T2>T3>T1>T4,叶面积大小顺序为T2=T3>T4>T1;T2枣树在生理落果以后挂果最多,达到平均每株215个,比T1、T3、T4分别高57%、14%和32%;在一个灌水周期的末期,各处理叶水势处于-1.0^-1.4 MPa之间,叶水势大小顺序为T2>T4>T3>T1。综合分析表明,每株枣树安装2个灌水器对枣树生长、生理最有利,是一种适宜的布置方式。The field experiments about surge spring root irrigation layout of jujube were conducted ,the experimental trees were five-years old pear-jujube, the irrigation implements flow was 4 L/h.depth was 35 cm, irrigation norm was 80 L per tree, four treatments were included （T1 -T4）, 1 , 2 , 3, and 4 irrigation implements per tree, respectively. The results showed, the soil wetting front of T2 matched well with jujube roots, 0-80 cm soil water content of T2 keeping at a higher level. New branch length and leaves area of the four treatment jujubes were different after stop growing, the new branch length was ordered in T2〉 T3〉T1〉T4, leaves area was T2 = T3〉T4〉T1. After physiological fruit abscission , the fruits quantity of T2 was 215 per tree, which was 57%, 14% and 32% higher than T1, T3 and T4, respectively;at the end of one irrigation cycle, the pre-dawn leaf potential（pdψw） was between -1.0-- -1.4 MPa, pdψw was ordered in T2〉T4〉T3〉T1. In conclusion, the layout of 2 irrigation implements per tree was best to jujube growth, was a suitable surge spring root irrigation layout.

关 键 词：枣树 涌泉根灌 布置方式 湿润体 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学] S275[农业科学—园艺学]