应用AMSU-B微波资料分析0509号Matsa台风水汽场分布特征  

Analysis of Environmental Water Vapor Transportation Around Typhoon Matsa (0509) From AMSU-B Radiances

作　　者：王新[1] 方翔[1,2] 邱红[1] 朱元競[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家卫星气象中心,北京100081 [2]北京大学物理学院大气科学系

出　　处：《气象》2009年第12期30-36,I0003,共8页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家高科技研究发展计划资助项目(No.500122);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(No.500103006)

摘　　要：热带气旋的形成、发展、移动以及消亡与大范围水汽输送和集中息息相关。此研究以2006年7—8月的AMSU-B的183.3±1、183.3±3、183.3±7GHz三个水汽通道亮温为主要资料源,利用三个通道所在的权重高度差异,分别建立了对流层高、中、低层水汽量与三个通道亮温的e指数统计回归关系。在此基础上,选取西北太平洋2005年09号麦莎台风,利用AMSU-B亮温通过回归关系式计算出的高、中、低层水汽量,就其水汽输送与强度变化关系进行了分析。结果表明,其一,微波水汽通道亮温能够很好地表征热带气旋环境场不同高度的水汽分布和水汽输送,尤其是对流层中层亮温的变化显示出的水汽量的变化与热带气旋强度密切相关;其二,热带气旋发展过程中,除了西南季风形成的西南水汽通道是水汽维持的重要输送带外,东南水汽通道也经常成为登陆热带气旋强度维持的主要水汽供给。Large-scale environmental vapor flux plays a very important role in the genesis,development and dissipation of tropical cyclones.A regression method is developed to get the relationship between radiances measured by the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit（AMSU） and water vapor fluxes.The method uses the brightness temperatures at three channels 18,19 and 20 of AMSU-B,which are centered around the 183.3GHz water vapor line,and the water vapor flux is derived from the calculation of stream function.With the regression,it is found that the brightness temperatures at the corresponding channel 183.3±7GHz,183.3±3GHz and 183.3±1GHz decrease exponentially with water vapor flux on the upper,middle and lower troposphere,respectively.Then,Typhoon Matsa（0509） is illustrated to analyze the distribution and evolvement of the surrounding water vapor.By this exponential algorithm,there are great water vapor transportations as indicated by the water vapor channel brightness temperatures.And it shows the importance of the environmental water vapor in the development of tropical cyclones.Additionally,the incoming vapor collected around the cyclone is mainly from southwestern transportation,but the water vapor from other routes could not be ignored,especially the eastern and the southeastern.

关 键 词：热带气旋 AMSU-B 微波亮温 水汽输送 

分 类 号：P434.5[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P444