浊漳河水体污染物对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传毒性研究  

Genotoxicity of Pollutants in the Water Body of Zhuozhang River to Vicia faba Root-tip Cells

作　　者：刘瑞祥[1] 任嘉红[1] 秦永燕[1] 刘振宇[1] 常惠丽 

机构地区：[1]长治学院生化系,山西长治046011 [2]长治市环境监测站,山西长治046000

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2010年第1期150-155,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：山西省高校科技研究开发基金资助项目(20081043);山西省普通高等学校大学生创新性实验资助项目(2008032)

摘　　要：运用蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验技术对浊漳河南段6个代表性样点水体中有机污染物的遗传毒性进行了研究,为浊漳河流域水体污染状况的有效监测提供理论依据。结果显示：（1）浊漳河南段各监测断面的水体有机污染物对蚕豆根尖细胞均产生了不同程度的损伤,表现出细胞微核、断片、染色体桥等多种异常形态,严重时导致细胞坏死和细胞凋亡。（2）6个样点水样处理的蚕豆根尖细胞微核率在21.47‰-64.77‰,极显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）。（3）各样点水样对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤程度依次为：王桥〉店上〉漳泽水库〉北寨〉黄碾〉五阳;在有丝分裂后期,蚕豆根尖中异常细胞最高达70%,且异常细胞比率有随着污染程度增大而升高的趋势。研究表明,蚕豆根尖细胞微核是水质毒理检测的有效指标,其细胞有丝分裂后期异常细胞比率也可作为水质毒理检测的观察指标。Genotoxicity of organic pollutants in the southern water body at six typical monitor section of Zhuozhang River were studied by the Vicia faba root-tip cell micronucleus technique.The results showed that：V.faba root tip cells had different degree damage by organic pollutants,including micronuclei producing,chromosomal fragments,chromosomal bridges,etc.even to cell necrosis and the cell perishes.Frequency of micronucleus of six treatments ranged from 21.47‰ to 64.77‰ and the difference was significant（P0.01） compared with control group.The degrees of the genetic damage induced by pollutants in V.faba root tips was in sequence of WangqiaoDianshangZhangze reservoirBeizhaiHuangnianWuyang.At anaphase of mitosis,the ratio of abnormal cells of root tips is a maximal of 70%,which was positively correlated with pollution degree.All of these results provide an effective basis for widespread application of V.faba root tip micronucleus assay in monitoring genotoxicity of water environment aspect.Data obtained from this study indicate that the micronuclei is an effective index for detecting water quality,and the ratio of abnormal cell at anaphase of mitosis is also as an effective observation index.

关 键 词：蚕豆根尖 微核试验 有机污染物 遗传毒性 水体 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]