小花假泽兰精油超临界CO_2提取工艺及其成分和抑菌活性研究  

Supercritical CO_2 Extraction Method and Fungicidal Activity of Essential Oil from Mikania micrantha

作　　者：庄世宏[1] 郝彩琴[2] 冯俊涛[1] 张兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学无公害农药研究服务中心/陕西省生物农药工程技术研究中心,陕西杨陵712100 [2]宁夏职业技术学院生物工程系,银川750002

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2010年第1期163-169,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903052);陕西省农业科技攻关项目(2004K01-G7-02)

摘　　要：采用正交试验法研究超临界CO2萃取法提取小花假泽兰精油的提取条件,采用GC-MS法分析测定精油的化学成分,并初步测定精油的抑菌效果。结果表明：超临界CO2萃取小花假泽兰精油的较佳工艺条件为：采用先静态后动态的萃取方式,静态萃取时间20 min,动态萃取条件为萃取温度55℃,萃取压力35 MPa,CO2体积为40mL/g,CO2流速为0.5~1.0 mL/min;从超临界CO2萃取的小花假泽兰精油中鉴定了64种成分,占精油总量的79.80%,主要有萜类、醇类、脂肪酸、酯类、甾体类等;生物测定结果表明,超临界CO2萃取物对小麦赤霉病菌和小麦纹枯病菌菌丝生长的EC50分别为119.55 mg/L和78.27 mg/L。The paper introduced that the essential oils was obtained from Mikania micrantha H.B.K.by supercritical CO2 extraction method.The optimum condition was determined by the orthogonal experiments.The extraction was analyzed by GC/MS,and the fungicidal activities were preliminarily tested.The results showed that the optimal conditions for the improved supercritical CO2 extraction of essential oil were determined as follows：Static extraction time 20 min;Dynamic extraction conditions：extraction temperature 55℃,extraction press 35 MPa,volume of CO2 40 mL/g,CO2 flow rate 0.5～1.0 mL/min.Under these conditions,the essential oils contained 64 kinds of compounds and 79.80% of its main components were terpenoids,alcohols,fatty acids,esters and steroidal compounds.The test of the inhibition rate against the mycelial growth showed that the essential oil had strong inhibitory on growth of Fusarium graminearum and Rhizoctonia cerealis,which EC50 value was 119.55 mg/L and 78.27 mg/L.

关 键 词：小花假泽兰 精油 超临界CO2萃取 化学成分 抑菌活性 

分 类 号：Q946[生物学—植物学]