柴达木盆地石炭系沉积相及其与烃源岩的关系  

Relationship Between Carboniferous Sedimentary Facies and Source Rock in Qaidam Basin

作　　者：牛永斌[1,2] 钟建华[1] 段宏亮[3] 尹成明 王培俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)地球资源与信息学院,山东东营257061 [2]河南省生物遗迹与成矿过程重点实验室,河南焦作454003 [3]中国石化江苏油田分公司地质科学研究院,江苏扬州225009 [4]中国石油青海油田分公司勘探开发研究院,甘肃敦煌736202

出　　处：《沉积学报》2010年第1期140-149,共10页Acta Sedimentologica Sinica

基　　金：国家油气专项(批准号:XQ-2004-01);河南省生物遗迹与成矿过程重点实验室开放基金(编号:OTMP0903)共同资助

摘　　要：在实地观测柴达木盆地石炭系野外露头剖面岩性和生物特征的基础上,详细研究了柴达木盆地石炭系的沉积相类型及特征,探讨了石炭纪不同阶段的沉积演化以及沉积相对烃源岩发育的控制作用。柴达木盆地石炭系主要发育陆表海,可划分为三大沉积相:滨岸相、碳酸盐岩台地相、浅海陆棚相;六个亚相:浅滩亚相、潮坪亚相、沼泽亚相、开阔台地亚相、局限台地亚相、内陆棚亚相。石炭纪沉积演化经历了早石炭世两次海侵和晚石炭世的持续海侵,沉积环境由滨海向浅海过渡,以海陆交互沉积环境为主,大面积的海进使得北部山前局部地区出现地层超覆现象。沉积相控制了烃源岩的分布:柴达木盆地东北缘石炭系的潮坪亚相、浅海陆棚亚相广泛发育泥岩、炭质泥岩及碳酸盐岩,可作为有利的生烃源岩;柴西南缘下石炭统的局限台地亚相是碳酸盐台地上局部相对闭塞的地带,由于水体相对较深,水动能较低,沉积物中有机质丰富,也是有利的生烃源岩发育区。This paper researched sedimentary styles and characteristics and discussed about Carboniferous sedimentary evolution of different stages as well as relationship between Carboniferous sedimentary facies and source rock. It is epicontinental sea in Carboniferous of Qaidam. Sedimentary environment can be divided into three sedimentary facies：shore facies,carbonate plateau facies,neritic marine basin facies and six subfacies：shallows subfacies,tidal flat subfacies,swamp subfacies,open platform facies,restricted platform subfacies and inner shelf subfacies. There are two marine ingression in Early Carboniferous and everlasting transgression in Late Carboniferous. Sedimentary environment evolves from offshore to epeiric sea and mainly develops paralic sedimentary environment. The overlapping phenomenon arose in the north foreland because of wide area transgression. The distribution of source rock is controlled by sedimentary facies：mudstone,carbargilite and carbonate are favourable source rocks,which develop in swamp subfacies or inner shelf subfacies of carboniferous in the northeast of Qaidam basin; restricted platform subfacies is also a favourable source rock distributed area because of deeper water,smaller kinetic energy,abundant organic material,which develop in relatively restricted area of Lower Carboniferous in the southwestern margin of Qaidam basin.

关 键 词：柴达木盆地 石炭系 沉积相 沉积演化 烃源岩 

分 类 号：TE121.3[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]