塔里木河下游常见植物繁殖体形态特征比较  

Comparison of diaspore morphology of main eremophyte species in the lower reaches of Tarim River

作　　者：李媛 徐海量[2] 尹林克[2] 李吉玫[2] 张占江[3] 王增如[2] 赵新风[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆环境保护科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2010年第1期65-70,共6页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:4067103630600092)

摘　　要：4-以塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林21种常见植物繁殖体为研究对象,对其形态特征进行了比较分析。结果表明:(1)不同繁殖体之间重量差别很大。单粒重最小的是多花柽柳(0.019 8 mg),最大的是沙枣(131.387 2 mg);(2)繁殖体三维(长、宽、高)的方差最小的是胀果甘草(0.022),方差最大的是蒲公英0.145。菊科、禾本科、茄科和荚竹桃科植物繁殖体均偏离圆球形较大(方差>0.05);(3)柽柳科、杨柳科、菊科和夹竹桃科均具有附属物,这些形态特征有利于物种的扩散和定居;(4)有7种植物的繁殖体重量小于1 mg,且比较接近圆球形(方差小于0.09),有利于形成持久土壤种子库。The diaspores of twenty-one common plant species of eremophyte were chosen for studying weight and shape in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.This paper aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of eremophyte diaspore and its ecological implications,meanwhile,to accumulate basic data of managing vegetation in the study area.Plant diaspores are usually referred to as seeds,even though many of them in fact are fruits.The paper analyzed data of seeds and indehiscent,single-seeded fruit.Air-dried weight of 100 diaspores was measured for each replica,and five replicas were employed.Most grasses caryopses were measured with the persistent lemmas and awns with which they are normally dispersed.The achenes of Compositae and Apocynaceae were measured with pappus,and seeds of Tamaricaceae and Salicaceae were measured with hairs.The shape of diapores was determined by the variance of three-dimensions（length,width,height）,five replicas were employed.Diapores of Compositae without pappus.The shape variance was smaller,the diaspore was closer to sphericity.The results indicated as follows：（1） There is a significant difference in weight and shape.The smallest single seed weight is Tamarix hohenackeri（0.0198 mg）.While,the biggest single seed weight is Elaeagnus angustifolia（131.3872 mg）.（2） The difference of the seed shape is also significant.The smallest variance in three-dimension（length,width,height） of diaspores is Glycyrrhiza inflate（0.022）.While,the biggest variance is Taraxacum mongolicum（0.145）.The diaspores of Compositae,Gramineae,Solanaceae,and Apocynaceae all deviate from sphericity（variance more than 0.05）.3） The appendages of diaspores play an important role in dispersal and establishment of plants.Five Tamaricaceae species and all Salicaceae species had diaspores with hairy bodies;and the diaspores of Karelinia caspia,Taraxacum mongolicum,Hexinia polydichotoma,members of the Compositae family,and Poacynum hendersonii of the Apocynaceae family have pappus.（4�

关 键 词：繁殖体 方差 土壤种子库 附属物 传播 塔里木河 

分 类 号：Q944[生物学—植物学]