可再生生物质资源制氢技术的研究进展  

Progress in Investigation of Hydrogen Production from Regenerable Biomass

作　　者：李全新[1] 袁丽霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学化学物理系安徽省生物质洁净能源重点实验室表面与催化实验室,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《石油化工》2010年第2期107-115,共9页Petrochemical Technology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2007CB210206);国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2009AA05Z435);农业部计划项目(2007-15)

摘　　要：综述了生物质资源(生物质和生物油)制氢技术的研究进展。生物质制氢主要包括:生物质气化、快速裂解、超临界水气化和催化裂解/气化。生物质气化得到氢气含量较高的混合气体,工艺流程简单,但气化效率低;生物质快速裂解除产生氢气混合气体外,主要得到较多的液相产物即生物油,生物油可催化重整制氢,还可从中提取有价值的化学品;超临界水气化过程中气体是主要产物,但温度和压力高,对设备要求苛刻;催化裂解/气化可得到富氢气体,但产生很多成分复杂的焦油。针对生物油重整过程中温度高、催化剂失活严重等问题,最近开发了电催化水蒸气重整生物油制氢的装置及方法。与非电催化重整相比,电催化重整在400～600℃就能得到很高的氢产率和碳转化率。Progress in investigation of hydrogen production from biomass and bio-oil was summarized. Processes of hydrogen production from biomass mainly included： gasification, fast pyrolysis, supercritical water gasification and catalytic pyrolysis/gasification. Mixed gas with rich hydrogen could be obtained through biomass gasification. The technological process was simple but the gasification efficiency was low. In the fast pyrolysis of biomass, besides mixed gas with hydrogen, main products were liquid bio-oil. The bio-oil could be used in hydrogen production through catalytic reforming and preparations of some valuable chemical products. In the supercritical water gasification main products were gas, but due to high temperature and pressure, requirements for the equipment were harsh. Valuable rich hydrogen could be produced through catalytic pyrolysis/gasification, however the pyrolysis would produce many byproducts such as tar. To counter the high reforming temperature and serious catalyst deactivation, an electrocatalytic reforming （ECR） method was developed for hydrogen production from bio-oil. Both hydrogen yield and carbon conversion in the ECR process were higher than these in common steam reforming in 400 -600℃

关 键 词：可再生生物质 生物油 气化 热裂解 催化重整 制氢 

分 类 号：TQ116.2[化学工程—无机化工]