语境论的专长观  

The Expertise of Contextulism

作　　者：张帆[1] 成素梅[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学科学技术哲学研究中心,山西太原030006 [2]上海社会科学院哲学所,上海200235

出　　处：《河池学院学报》2009年第6期6-9,17,共5页Journal of Hechi University

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划入选项目;上海社会科学院哲学所课题的阶段性成果

摘　　要：波兰尼曾把知识划分为两种类型,一种是明确知识;另一种意会知识。专长既包含有明确知识,也包含有意会知识。专长的获得是在实践中完成的,是建立在实践经验基础上的一种能力,并且能够不断地内化到人的身体当中。德弗雷斯从现象学的角度把专长理解为是最高层次的技能;柯林斯进一步讨论了普遍存在的专长、素质和专家的专长,并提出了互动型专长的概念。他们都认为,专长的获得是依赖于语境的。Michael Polanyi divides knowledge into two types, one is explicit knowledge and the other is tacit knowledge. Expertise includes both explicit and tacit knowledge. The acquisition of expertise is finished in practice. So it is built on the practical experience which is based on the ability, and it will be internalized into hu- man＇ s body. Hubert Dreyfus starts from phenomenological approach, and looks on expertise as the highest level of skill. Moreover, Harry Collins discusses the ubiquitous expertise, disposition and specialists＇ expertise, and puts forward the concept of interactive expertise. Both of them agree that expertise is dependent on the context.

关 键 词：专长 技能 语境 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]