中国六十年:消费者保护法的演进历程  

Sixty Years in China:The Development of the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests

作　　者：杨琴[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学法学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]日本国立山口大学东亚研究科

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》2009年第6期38-46,共9页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：中国自1949年建国到1978年改革开放前的30年间,长期实行计划经济体制,消费生活中存在的主要问题是商品短缺,不存在消费者问题,也无消费者保护法。但1978年后,随着经济体制改革的确立与随后的社会变型,消费者问题随之发生并日趋严重,从而催生了消费者保护法。中国消费者保护法的演进历程在很大程度上受政府政策的影响;消费者保护法的产生,不是由传统民法直接演化的产物,而是从公法中逐渐完善蜕变、并在一定程度上受到同步发展起来的民法影响的结果;消费者保护法的形成过程,是中国建国60年来法治建设的一个缩影、是对中国改革开放30年来政府决策的总结和认可;虽经历了一个与时俱进、创新发展的过程,但与社会变型的速度相比已显得明显滞后。近年来中国因食品问题等致使消费者屡屡受损害的事实,表明中国消费者保护法已经不能很好地发挥其立法初衷,因而很有必要正确认识中国消费者保护法的演进历程,加强消费者保护法的研究。而且,这对促进中国经济的顺利发展以及对外贸易、繁荣国际民商事交往等具有一定的理论价值和实践意义。During the 30 years from the founding of the People＇s Republic of China to the starting of reform and open, the main problem that the Chinese customers faced to was the shortage of commercial products due to the long period of the planned economy system. As there was no problem about the insufficiency of costumers, there was no law to protect their interest. However from 1978 on, with the establishment of the system for economic reform and the social change, the problems related to the costumers have become more and more intense. As a consequence, the law to protect the costumers was born. Its evolutional process was influenced to a great extent by the government policies. It is not the product of the development of the traditional democracy, but an outcome from, step by step, the public laws. Meanwhile, it was affected more or less by the civil law that developed with it. The process of the formation of the law to protect the costumers is in fact a miniature of the judicial development in China in the past 60 years. It is also a summary and acceptance of the reform and open in the past 30 years. Though it developed with the development of the time and innovation, it was lagging behind if compared with the speed of the social change. Recently, because of the food problem in China, the costumers have been affected time and again and to a great extent. This indicates that the law to protect the costumers cannot be effective in protecting them. Therefore there is a need to review the evolutional process of the law objectively, and study seriously the law to protect the costumers. That apart, it is good for the successful development of Chinese economy and great theoretical value and practical significance for the development of foreign trade, and flourishing of international civil and business cooperation and change.

关 键 词：体制改革 消费者保护法 消费者政策 

分 类 号：D923.8[政治法律—民商法学]