严重急性呼吸综合征流行期间公众知觉压力及其对健康行为的影响  

Perceived stress in general public during prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome and its impact on health behavior

作　　者：吕书红[1] 田本淳[1] 杨廷忠[2] 陈定湾[2] 池延花[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国健康教育中心培训中心,北京100011 [2]浙江大学医学院社会医学教研室 [3]卫生部国外贷款办公室

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2010年第2期128-133,共6页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：世界银行贷款和国外赠款中国传染性严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）肺炎及其他传染病应对项目（2003）

摘　　要：目的了解严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）流行期间公众的知觉压力情况及其对健康相关行为的影响。方法选择广州、太原和杭州三地，分层随机数字表法抽取城区居民、农村居民，以及建筑工人、服务行业人员、学校教职工共2532人开展回顾性调查。采用自制问卷调查测量对SARS的认知和行为，用中文版知觉压力量表（CPSS）测量人群知觉压力。EpiData2．0软件录入，对CPSS的14个问题根据回答赋分，计算知觉压力测量值；用SPSS11．5软件分析不同人口学特征及认知与健康危险压力发生率的关系，以及低压力状态（0～分）和中等压力状态（15-分）及危险压力状态下（25分以上）相关行为发生情况。结果有效问卷2424份，有效率为95．7％（2424／2532）；被调查者的CPSS测量值为0～49分[（22．7±6．8）分]，M=24．0分。SARS期间处于健康危险性压力的人群占39．3％（953／2379）。随着压力升高，调查对象饭前洗手、便后洗手、开窗通风、咳嗽打喷嚏时避开他人、运动行为的采纳频率依次降低。logistic回归显示，与认为SARS威胁程度一点不严重，对疫情一点不害怕，以及预防措施一点不了解相比，认为SARS威胁程度比较严重（β=0．41，Wald χ2=4．84，P=0．03），对疫情不太害怕（β=0．50，Wald χ2=6．69，P=0．01）、比较害怕（β=1．39，Wald χ2=48．59，P=0．00）和非常害怕（β=1．77，Wald χ2=53．59，P=0．00）以及对预防措施不太了解（β=0．74，Wald χ2=4．48，P=0．03）、比较了解（β=0．98，Wald χ2=8．29，P=0．00）、非常了解（β=-1．18，Wald χ2=10．66，P=0．00）对人群健康危险性压力发生率的作用具有统计学意义。结论知觉压力测量值越大SARS流行期间相关健康行为采纳率越低。提高公众对突发事件的认知，提供良好的社会支持等措施可降低压力。Objective To find out the perceived stress in general public during prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） and its impact on health behavior. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted in Guangzhou, Hangzhou, and Taiyuan according to the epidemic situations of SARS, and 2532 subjects were randomly selected from constructive industry, school, and commercial business and residents in urban and rural areas. The perceive stress was measured by Chinese perceived stress scale （CPSS）, and health related behavior during SARS was tested by uniform and self-made questionnaire. EpiData 2.0 was used for data management and CPSS value was calculated according to answer to 14 questions contained in the scale. Health risk stress among different population group and health related behavior among low, medium and high stress state were analyzed by SPSS 11.5. Results 2424 subjects were involved in the survey. The CPSS value was measured from 0 -49（22. 7 ±6. 8） ,M =24. 0. 39. 3% （953/2379） subjects were under the health risk stress. The health related behaviors such as washing hands, opening the window for air, keeping away from others when cough and sneeze, doing exercises etc were reduced with the stress increased. Logistic regression indicated that compared with the persons with the thoughts of nothing serious of SARS,without any dread of SARS, and knowing nothing about prevention of SARS, the perceived stress was significantly related with perceiving of the thread to certain extent（β= 0. 41, Wald χ2 = 4. 84, P =0. 03 ）, worrying little about the epidemic （β = 0. 50, Wald χ2 = 6. 69, P = 0. 01 ）, worrying about it to certain extent （β = 1.39, Wald χ2 = 48.59, P = 0. 00 ） and scared so much （β= 1.77, Wald χ2 = 53.59, P = 0. 00 ）, and knowing little about the prevention（β= 0. 74, Wald χ2= 4.48, P= 0. 03 ）, knowing something about prevention （β = - 0. 98, Wald χ2 =8.29,P =0. 00） and knowing the prevention very well（β = -1.18,Wald χ2 = 10. 66,P =0. 00）. Conc

关 键 词：严重急性呼吸综合征 行为和行为机制 心理测定学 问卷调查 因素分析 统计学 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]