太湖上游水环境对植物分布格局的影响机制  

Impact of Aquatic Environmental Factors on Distribution Pattern of Aquatic Macrophytes in Upper Reaches of Taihu Lake Watershed

作　　者：张萌[1,2] 倪乐意[1,2] 曹特[1,2] 方涛[1] 熊道文[1] 周广杰[1] 祝国荣[1,2] 徐军[1,2] 过龙根[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所 淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所 东湖湖泊生态系统实验站,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2010年第3期171-178,194,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然基金项目资助(30570280);“863计划”研究课题资助(2006AA06Z342)

摘　　要：对北太湖上游流域的苏南第二大湖泊滆湖及其入太湖的主要河流(太滆运河与漕桥河)的水质和水生植被开展调查、评价与环境生态学研究。调查结果表明所有样点水质均超富营养化,尤以太滆运河与漕桥河的水体污染为甚。通过PCA综合评价,河流绝大多数河段已是Ⅳ类水体,滆湖也已呈Ⅲ类水体。对水生植物类群调查而言,调查发现太隔运河和漕桥河中上游河段水生植物多样性指数均很小,凤眼莲、芦苇和菰为优势种,沉水植被分布很少,群落退化严重,耐污种篦齿眼子菜和水盾草占优势;在湖泊中心区,沉水植物已完全退化。聚类分析发现所调查的植物可分为3大类群。PCO和CCA分别表明河流与湖泊所在的样点间的水体理化性状出现很明显的分离;该流域水体中不同形态N、P含量或底泥N、P含量主要影响水生植物种类组成和分布。A comprehensive survey is undertaken in the upper reaches of the Taihu Lake watershed, including Gehu Lake, Taige Canal and the Caoqiao River. Results of the analysis of water samples from 12 sampling sites show all of these waters are high in nutrient content, being hyper-eutrophicated. It is found through PCA integrated assessment that water quality in most of the rivers＇ sections is on the level of Class Ⅳ, the Lake level of Class Ⅲ. Aquatic ecological investigation in terms of aquatic plants indicate that diversity of aquatic plants are very low, represented by water hyacinth and common duckweed, the dominant species widespread over the rivers and canal; the submersed macrophytes, as a whole, have showed serious tendency of decline, and their distribution areas are on decrease. Cluster analysis method of UPGMA is used to categorize the aquatic macrophytes which have been investigated, and through PCO and CCA analysis, there was a distinct separation between rivers and lake in terms of physio--chemical factors of the waters. It is concluded that the aquatic environmental factors such as N and P in their various forms, both in water and in the sediment, have exerted influences on the plants in terms of composition and distribution.

关 键 词：滆湖 太滆运河 漕桥河 富营养化 水质评价 水生植物 

分 类 号：X835[环境科学与工程—环境工程]