黄河综合治理思考  

Ponder over Integrated Management of the Yellow River

作　　者：彭瑞善[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院泥沙研究所,北京100048

出　　处：《人民黄河》2010年第2期1-4,共4页Yellow River

基　　金：中国水科院科研专项(泥集0820)

摘　　要：黄河干支流已建的大量水库、电站、引水工程及大面积水土保持措施等,极大地改变了进入河道的水沙过程,引起了河道淤积萎缩。黄河宁蒙河段的治理主要是缩窄河槽、稳定流路,以提高中枯水河槽的挟沙能力,治河措施可兼顾保水作用。黄河龙潼河段的滩地堆沙和控导河势等综合治理须与古贤水库的规划设计紧密结合。黄河下游河道整治的基本要求是保持河道的纵向输沙平衡和平面上的河势稳定,根据水沙减少的情况修订规划,沿程整治河宽应随比降的减小而减小。干支流水库的调水调沙运用须与河道整治相互配合,才能更有效地发挥冲深河槽、稳定流路、输沙入海的作用。考虑到黄河流域下垫面的变化及水库的调节作用,建议利用过去的降水资料重新推算产生的径流,以修正水沙系列和洪水频率。Large numbers of existing reservoirs,hydraulic power plants and diversion works built on the tributaries and the main Yellow River and soil and water conservation measures in large area have greatly changed the process of silt and discharge of the channel,causing the channel sedimentation and atrophy.The main river training of Ning-Meng reach is to narrow the channel and stabilize flow path for increasing sediment carrying capacity of moderate and low-flow channels.River harnessing measures can take water conservation function into consideration.The comprehensive measures of dumping sediment on floodplain and guiding river regime of Long-Tong reach should combine closely with the planning and design of Guxian Reservoir.The basic requirements for river training of the lower Yellow River are to keep the longitudinal balance of sediment transport of the channel and river regime stable in plane,revise plans according to the reduction of water and sediment and the corrected river width should be smaller along with the reduction of gradient.Only the operation of regulated discharge regime of reservoirs on tributaries and the main river cooperating with river training,can maximize the functions of deepening the channel,stabilizing flow path and discharging sediment into the sea.Considering the variation of underlying surface and regulation function of reservoirs of the Yellow River,it suggests to recalculate runoff by using the past precipitation data for revising silt-discharge series and flood frequency.

关 键 词：综合治理 河道整治 调水调沙 水沙系列 黄河 

分 类 号：TV882.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]