塔里木河干流人工渠化与下游土地沙漠化治理研究  

A STUDY ON CANALIZATION OF THE UPPER AND MIDDLE REACHES OF TARIM RIVER AND DESERTIFICATION CONTROL OF ITS LOWER REACHES

作　　者：季方[1,2] 樊自立[1,2] 邓永新[1,2] 李新[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生物土壤沙漠研究所 [2]中国科学院新疆地理研究所

出　　处：《中国沙漠》1998年第4期314-319,共6页Journal of Desert Research

摘　　要：由于人类活动加剧和缺乏对流域水资源的有效管理，塔里木河干流下游土地沙漠化至今仍在发展之中。对干流下游土地沙漠化治理的供水来源的研究表明：目前从源流向干流增加供水可能性很小，但必须控制继续减少。在干流区域内引水口多且浪费大，水资源利用有很大潜力可挖。因此对干流进行人工渠化，通过工程措施对自然河道进行改造，在水网紊乱的中游建立防洪堤，在各引水口修建控制闸，加大自然河道的人工控制，将是实现向下游泄水的关键。在干流下游土地沙漠化存在着区域分异，它由上到下逐渐增强，所以近期应首先治理阿拉干以上区域，用工程措施确保向下游输水。Because of the intensfication of human activities and lack of effective management to water resource, desertification in the lower reaches of Tarim River is still developing. The paper analyzed the source of water supply for desertification control in the lower reaches of Tarim River. The results showed that the volume of runoff in source area of Tarim River was basically stable in the past 37 years and that of water supply in its main stream was gradually declined from 5 108 million m 3 in 1957￣1964 to 3 837 million m 3 in 1985￣1993. Water consumption and waste in the main stream of Tarim River were considerable. The rate of water consumption in the upper reaches increased from 26.4% in 1957￣1959 to 43.5% in 1990￣1994, that in the middle reaches kept steadily in the past decades, whereas that in the lower reaches greatly decreased from 27.7% in 1957￣1959 to 7.8% in 1990￣1994. There are 137 drawing water mouths in the main stream area, they mainly distribute in the upper and middle reaches of Tarim River, so to tap potential of water resource in these sections was a chief way for increasing runoff downwards. In order to carry out the control of desertification in the lower reaches of Tarim River, canalization in its upper, middle reaches should be put into practice. The canalization refers to building flood protection dam, blocking the seasonable drawing water mouths and constructing the permanent inlet controls and sluices as well as straightening partial sectoins of the river. According to regional characteristics of land desertification in the lower reaches of Tarim River, it may be divided into three sections. The upper section is from Qara to Tikanlik where land desertification has no obvious development. The middle section is from Tikanlik to Aragan where land desertification appeares to be progressively developed. The lower section is from Aragan to Taitema Lake where land desertification is developing considerably. In view of present situation, the section upward from Aragan should be con

关 键 词：人工渠化 土地 沙漠化治理 塔里木河 沙漠地 

分 类 号：S288[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV213.9[农业科学—农业工程]