楚科奇海融冰过程中的海水结构研究  

Water Mass Structure of the Chukchi Sea during Ice Melting Period in the Summer of 1999

作　　者：赵进平[1] 史久新[1] 金明明[2] 李超伦[3] 矫玉田[1] 卢勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,物理海洋学重点实验室,山东青岛266061 [2]国家海洋局海洋生态系统和生物地球化学实验室,浙江杭州310012 [3]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2010年第2期154-162,共9页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“北极环极边界流的结构及其对气候变化贡献的研究”(编号:40631006)资助

摘　　要：楚科奇海是北冰洋的陆架海,中部凸起的Herald浅滩对海水流动和海冰融化过程有显著影响。利用我国1999年夏季北冰洋考察数据,讨论了楚科奇海海冰融化过程中的海水结构。结果表明,海区内存在2个相继进入的水团,一个是海冰覆盖期进入的阿纳德尔水（AW）,具有低温、高盐、高硅酸盐的特点;另一个是海冰融化后进入的白令海陆架水（BSW）,具有高温、低盐、低硅酸盐的特点。在开阔水域,表层水温度达到7℃以上,高于当地气温,是当地太阳辐射的加热作用形成的。开阔海域的水体向冰下扩展,表层水温在1℃以上,形成冰下暖水区,加速了海冰的融化;Her-ald浅滩阻挡了海水的流动形成绕流,其北部处于绕流的死角,表层水温在-1℃以下,形成冰下冷水区。在开阔海域,上层海水的混合深度达到15~20 m,而渗入冰下的暖水深度小于5 m,体现了海冰对暖水渗入的阻滞作用。所有海冰覆盖站位10 m层的叶绿素-a含量都很高,表明冰下海水处于浮游植物大量繁殖的状态,有可能对海水吸收热量和海冰融化产生显著的影响。The Chukchi Sea is one of the marginal seas in the Arctic Ocean, where the sea ice cover varies seasonally. Herald Shoal located in the middle of the Chukchi Sea is a main feature of topography, and obviously impacts the flow and sea ice melting process. Data collected during the first Arctic cruise of China in the summer of 1999 are used to identify the water masses of Chukchi Sea around the Herald Shoal. Two water masses exist in this region. One is the Anadyr Water that entered in winter or spring with lower temperature, higher salinity and higher silicate. The other is the Bering Shelf Water with higher temperature, lower salinity and lower silicate. In open water, the maximum temperature in upper level reached 7℃, higher than local air temperature, which is speculated to cause by heating of local solar radiation. The water from open area inset under the ice cover to form a warm water region under ice with the temperature greater than 1℃, which leads to ice melting. Obstructed by the Herald Shoal, the northward flow bypassed the shoal and formed a cold water region under ice behind the shoal with the temperature lower than -1 ℃. Although the thickness of mixed layer in open water is about 15 -20 m, the thickness of the warm water under ice is only 5 - 6 m, showing retarding of ice cover to the inset water. At the depth of 10 m under ice cover, the concentration of chlorophyll was higher in all stations, indicating the blooming under ice and impacting possibly on the heat absorption of water and ice melting.

关 键 词：楚科奇海 海冰融化 水团 硅酸盐 叶绿素-A 

分 类 号：P731.16[天文地球—海洋科学]