长期定位施肥对小麦产量及构成因素的影响  

Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Grain Yields and Component Factors

作　　者：张水清[1] 黄绍敏[1] 郭斗斗[1] 胡传中 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,郑州450002 [2]河南省潢川县农业技术推广中心,河南信阳465150

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2010年第4期166-169,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划沃土工程项目(2006BAD25B06);国家科技基础条件平台建设项目(SF2007-5);河南省重大公益性科研项目(081100911500)

摘　　要：以豫麦13、郑太育1号、临汾7203、郑州941、豫麦47、郑州8998、郑麦9023、郑麦9694、郑麦9962等9个小麦品种为试验材料,通过17年6个不同施肥方式的长期定位试验,研究了不同施肥处理对小麦产量及构成因素的影响。结果表明:氮素和磷素是限制小麦产量和生长的两个重要因素。钾素不是限制小麦生长及产量的主要因素。NPK和NP处理的产量、穗数、穗粒数都要极显著高于其他处理,而千粒重则为PK处理最高。NPK处理不但高产,而且产量较稳定。从产量的稳定性上来说,NPK>PK>NP>CK>N>NK。NPK和NP处理的产量与穗数和千粒重达到极显著正相关,而与穗粒数相关不显著。NK和N处理的产量与3个构成因素都成显著正相关。CK和PK处理的产量只与穗粒数成显著正相关。17-year-long-term fertilization experiments with 9 wheat varieties（Yumai 13,Zhengtaiyu1,Linfen7203,Zhengzhou 941,Yumai 47,Zhengzhou 8998,Zhengmai 9023,Zhengmai 9694,Zheangmai9962）in Fluvo-aquic soil were conducted in research farm in Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The effects of different fertilization treatments on grain yield and yield components were studied.The results showed follows：N and P were two crucial limited factors to grain yields and growth of wheat,however,K was not.The grain yields,ears and Grains（per ear）of NP and NPK treatments were better than the other treatments significantly.For the stability of grain yield,NPKPKNPCKNNK.Grain yields of NPK and NP treatments were positively related to number of ears and 1000-grain weight.Grain yields of NK and N treatments were positively related to all the three component factors.Grain yields of CK and PK treatments were only positively related to grains.

关 键 词：长期定位 肥料试验 产量 构成因素 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S14-33