宁夏滩羊放牧系统草地利用率及草畜平衡性研究  

Grassland unilization and feed budget of Tan-sheep under grazing conditions in Ningxia arid grassland

作　　者：杨智明[1,2] 李建龙[2] 杜广明[1] 李国良[1] 刘香萍[1] 王宁[3] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]南京大学生命科学院,江苏南京210093 [3]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《草业学报》2010年第1期35-41,共7页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家高科技"863"计划专题项目(2007AA10Z231)资助

摘　　要：２００３年５－１０月在宁夏盐池荒漠草地进行了滩羊放牧强度试验，测定了宁夏滩羊采食量、采食率和草地产草量，以期确定草地适宜利用率，为解决宁夏草地全面禁牧后的重新利用提供依据。结果表明，在整个放牧季，草地现存量波动明显，放牧强度对试验区荒漠草地现存量峰值的出现时间及出现次数有明显影响；滩羊日采食量与放牧强度呈负相关，其回归方程为：y＝２．０４－０．５４x（R2＝ －０．８５，n＝５５）。滩羊采食量呈现先增加后减少趋势，具有周期波动特性；滩羊采食率在整个放牧季呈单峰变化趋势；试验草地的适宜利用率为１０％～１５％。实践中，不能仅依靠草地现存量去确定草地载畜量，这往往会被草地现存量“过剩”的假象所迷惑，造成草地超载、退化。Grazing trail was conducted with Tan-sheep at Ningxia arid grassland during the period of May to October, 2003, the daily intake quantity, intake rate and herbage standing biomass were determined. The objectives of the trial were to determine grassland utilization rate so that the grasslands with the similar condi- tions could be utilized properly after a long term close. The results showed that the standing biomass was fluc- tuated during the grazing season. Grazing intensity had significantly effecs on the standing biomass both in quantity and date when it reached the peak. There was a significant negative correlation between daily feed intake of Tan-sheep and grazing intensity, and expressed as： y=2.04--0.54x（R^2 =-0.85 ,n=55） ,where y is daily intake and x is grazing intensity. During the grazing season, feed intake of Tan-sheep increased as it progessing and then decreased later, the intake also showed seasonal fluctuations. It suggested that the grassland utilization rate by grazing was 10%-15 % under experimental conditions. In the practice grassland carrying ca pacity should be determined by the multifactors and can not solely decided by standing biomass.

关 键 词：宁夏滩羊 放牧强度 荒漠草地利用率 采食率 

分 类 号：S826.43[农业科学—畜牧学] S812.95[农业科学—畜牧兽医]