文心兰多倍体诱导及其鉴定  

Polyploid induction and identification of Oncidium

作　　者：崔广荣[1] 张子学[1] 张从宇[1] 胡能兵[1] 隋益虎[1] 李杰勤[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院植物科学学院,安徽凤阳233100

出　　处：《草业学报》2010年第1期184-190,共7页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金项目(070411010);安徽省教育厅省级自然科学基金项目(KJ2007B053)资助

摘　　要：以类原球茎薄切片为外植体,用秋水仙素对离体薄切片再生类原球茎过程进行多倍体诱导,建立文心兰多倍体离体化学诱变技术体系。探讨了不同浓度的秋水仙素在不同诱变时间内对离体薄切片类原球茎形成及苗再生的诱变效应,比较了二倍体和多倍体试管苗的形态特征、叶片下表皮组织细胞结构特征,并对多倍体根尖细胞染色体数进行了鉴定。结果表明,秋水仙素对文心兰离体薄切片类原球茎的形成及其再生苗产生较大影响,较高浓度的秋水仙素处理较长时间时,形成类原球茎的薄切片比率及再生苗数减少明显,但多倍体形成的比率相对较高;多倍体苗叶片厚实、紧凑、植株较矮;叶片下表皮组织细胞、气孔结构与二倍体存在一定差异,细胞核明显较大,染色体加倍成功。The thin cell layers （TCLs） of protocorm like-bodies （PLBs） of Oncidium were used as explants for polyploid induction with colchicines in vitro. The technical system for ployploid chemical induction of Oncidium in vitro was established. The effects of different concentrations of colchicine induction on PLB formation and shoot regeneration from TCLs of Oncidium after different time treatments were investigated. Morphological and histological characters of lower epidermal cells of polyploid plantlet leaves were compared with diploid ones. Chromosomes of root tip cells of polyploid plantlets were identified. Colchicines greatly affected PLB for- mation and shoot regeneration from TCLs of Oncidium in vitro. The rate at which TCLs formed PLBs and the numbers of shoots were reduced, but the rate of polyploid plantlet production was higher in the treatments with higher concentrations of colchicines for longer times. Polyploid plants were short and stout with thick leaves. There were some differences in the structure of lower epidermal tissue and cell and stomata of diploid and polyploidy plantlets. The nuclei of polyploid cells were bigger and the number of chromosomes was doubled

关 键 词：文心兰 离体上音养 秋水仙素 化学诱变 多倍体 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]