青藏高原多年冻土区典型小流域径流水化学特征  

Hydrochemical characteristics of runoff in a typical small permafrost of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：任东兴[1] 王根绪[1,2] 胡宏昌[1] 李太兵[1] 刘光生[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第1期7-13,共7页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB411504);国家自然科学基金项目(40730634);中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLFSE200804)

摘　　要：基于2008年6月风火山小流域五个径流控制断面水样分析结果,综合运用描述性统计、相关性分析、Gibbs图和主成分分析方法,对主要可溶无机离子的质量浓度特征及其成因进行分析。结果表明:阳离子以Na^+,Ca^(2+)为主,阴离子以SO_4^(2-)为主,且各断面大部分离子质量浓度日变化特征为单峰型;浅层土壤中水分运移携带的离子质量浓度高,对河水总溶解性固体(TDS)含量贡献最大;岩石风化作用和蒸发浓缩作用对风火山小流域水化学变化起主要作用;研究流域蒸发盐岩风化作用最强烈,其次为碳酸盐岩的溶解;初步分析认为河水离子质量浓度较高的原因是受蒸发浓缩作用、土壤冻结融化作用和径流活跃期时间短等共同影响的结果。Based on the analyzed water samples collected from the five runoff control sections in the Fenghuoshan basin during June 2008, this paper integrated used the descriptive statistics, the correlation matrices, Gibbs figure and the principal composition analysis to study the concentrated characteristics of the major dissolved inorganic ions and their causes. The result shows that the dominating chemical compositions of river water are Na^＋, Ca^2＋, SO4^2-, and concentration of most major ions in the five runoff sections are mainly presented on a single-peak type： The shallow soil water transport with a high concentration of ions makes the greatest contribution to the total dissolved solids （TDS） in the water. Rock weathering and evaporation play major roles in the changes of water chemistry in the Fenghuoshan basin. The research basin is strongly influenced by dissolved evaporates, followed by dissolved carbonates. The preliminary analysis of the causes of high water concentration ions is subject to the combined effect of evaporation, soil freeze-thaw and short duration of active period in runoff.

关 键 词：多年冻土区 径流 水化学特征 青藏高原 

分 类 号：P342[天文地球—水文科学]