多义范畴习得与使用的语义-语用模型--HOT范畴的个案研究  

The Semantic-Pragmatic Model of Polysemy:The Case of HOT

作　　者：董粤章[1] 张韧[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学外国语学院,博士生南京210093

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2010年第2期135-140,共6页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：江苏省哲学社会科学基金十五重大项目“二十世纪国外语言学理论及其流派研究”(04YYA001)成果之一

摘　　要：认知语义学将多义范畴诠释为由典型义项经家族相似性派生出非典型义项的放射性链状结构,其实质是字面义—隐喻义的标准设想。笔者对这种观点提出了质疑。在跨学科定性研究和语言测试定量分析的基础上,笔者提出多义范畴习得与使用的语义—语用模型。该模型包含语义与语用两个层面,前者包括具有非多义性的概念层和多义性的词汇层;后者则包括诸多语用因素。在此框架下,多义范畴的习得与使用包括以下两个过程:(1)概念层中的心理基本概念被具体辖域激活形成词汇层中具有平等地位的语义表征;(2)语用层中的限制因素,如熟悉度、文化、刺激、语频和语境等综合作用于词汇层中各语义表征,最能满足以上一整套限制条件的义项成为突显义而被优先输出。According to the view of cognitive semantics, polysemy is interpreted as a radiant and chain-like structure in which non - prototypical meanings are derived from the prototype by the influence of family resemblance. We argue against the above standpoint which is in essence the standard assumption of literal-metaphorical meaning and propose the semantic-pragmatic model of polysemy under qualitative research of interdisciplines and quantitative analysis of linguistic tests. This model is comprised of numerous pragmatic factors as well as semantic ones in which the non-polysemous conceptual level and polysemous lexical level are included. Hence the use and acquisition of polysemy consist of the following two processes, one is that the psychologically primitive concept in conceptual level is activated by specific domains hence generates semantic representations with equal status in lexical level, the other is that the above semantic representations are influenced by the set of pragmatic restrictions that prompts the salient meaning which satisfies most of the restrictions to be the optimal output.

关 键 词：一词多义 语义-语用模型 字面义-隐喻义 突显义 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]