坡面水力侵蚀比尺模拟试验设计与验证  

Design and verification of water erosion scale simulation experiment on slop

作　　者：李书钦[1,2] 高建恩[1] 赵春红[1] 邵辉[1] 梁改革[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司,安徽马鞍山243004

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2010年第1期6-12,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目“坡面降雨径流调控与高效利用技术”(2006BAD09B01);“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目“冶金矿山排土场生态恢复与重建集成技术研究”(2006BAC09B05);国家自然科学基金项目“黄土高原小流域坡沟侵蚀系统水沙关系模拟试验研究”(50809056)

摘　　要：针对黄土高原坡面水力侵蚀调控实体模拟试验中存在验证不充分的问题,利用黄土高原小流域水力侵蚀调控实体模拟试验理论与技术,设计黄土坡面水力侵蚀比尺模拟试验,并对其进行验证。结果表明:在正态条件下,满足几何、降雨强度、入渗、径流运动、输沙、床面变形等相似条件下所建造的坡面模型;在试验条件下,虽然与模型原型流型有所偏离,但降雨、径流流态、平均流速、阻力系数、汇流过程、产沙、输沙及床面变形是基本相似的。表明该方法可以作为坡面治理水土流失、优化治理方案,寻求水土资源高效利用措施的工具。This paper introduced the water erosion scale simulation experiment on the loess slop,further verifying experiments were conducted on the similarities of the runoff and erosion processes.Based on the theories of the small watershed simulation experiment,a design method and verification of water erosion simulation experiment were given.The results showed that： the undistorted sloping model was similar to the antetype in the rainfall,the flow rate processes,mean velocity,runoff depth,drag coefficient,sediment production and sediment transport and bed deformation under complying with the similarities of geometric,rainfall,flow,erosion production,sediment transport and bed deformation etc.,in despite of some difference of flow patterns in model and antitype experiment.So it can be applied as a tool in soil erosion control plan,optimizing conservation measures and utilizing water and soil resource efficiently.

关 键 词：水力侵蚀 相似比尺 模拟试验 输沙率 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] U467.13[农业科学—农业基础科学]