岔巴沟流域水土保持减水减沙作用  

Effects of soil and water conservation on reduction of runoff and sediment in Chabagou Watershed

作　　者：綦俊谕[1,2] 蔡强国[1] 方海燕[1] 陈晓安[1,3] 聂斌斌[1,4] 崔普伟[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [4]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2010年第1期28-33,39,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目"水土流失综合调控原理与治理范式"(2007CB407207);国家自然科学基金重点项目"黄土区多尺度小流域土壤水蚀动态过程模拟研究"(40635027);中国科学院优秀博士学位论文;院长奖获得者科研启动专项资金"中国典型水土流失区水沙关系尺度效应及地带性研究"

摘　　要：运用经验公式法、双累积曲线法和不同系列对比法计算岔巴沟流域1971—1980年水土保持措施的减水作用分别为10.55%、6.18%和26.67%,减沙作用为58.74%、63.40%和72.77%;经过对计算结果和前人研究成果的分析得到如下结论:1)岔巴沟流域库坝等工程措施为主的水土流失治理方式在措施生效期间能够有效减少流域输沙量,减沙作用为65%左右,能够有效拦截洪水,减少洪峰流量,汛期减水作用大于25%;2)库坝等工程措施对流域年径流量的影响不大,减水作用在7%左右,地下径流占总径流比例提高了20.4%,对地下水的补充起到了很好的作用;3)库坝等工程措施不能改善流域坡面和沟坡侵蚀条件,故而无法真正改善流域水土流失的状况,其减沙效果随着淤积量的增加而减小,需要不断投入以维持其减沙作用,而限于自然条件,库坝等工程措施对流域的治理是不可持续的。解决水土流失问题的根本途径在于恢复流域自然植被,顺应自然规律的发展,并采取适当的人工辅助措施。In this study,effects of soil and water conservation measures on runoff and sediment reduction in Chabagou Watershed from 1971 to 1980 are calculated by three methods： rainfall-runoff and rainfall-sediment statistical model,double-accumulative curve method and time series contrasting method separately.As a result,runoff reduction are 10.55%,6.18% and 26.67% and sediment reduction are 58.74%,63.40% and 72.77% accordingly.By analyzing the results of calculation and comparison with results of previous studies,three main points are concluded： 1） Governance model emphasizing on sediment storage dam has remarkable sediment reduction effects which is averaging about 65% and can effectively reduce peak discharge with an averaging runoff reduction effect more than 25% in the flood season;2） Annual runoff reduction effect is only averaging about 7% and the ratio of groundwater runoff to total runoff raised by 20.4%,which shows that sediment storage dam affect runoff by adjusting the ingredient proportion rather than reducing total runoff;3） The aim of water and soil conservation can not realized only by sediment storage dam for it does not change the conditions of hill slopes where soil erosion occurs,and instead vegetation restoration is an effective approach for ecosystem restoration and enhancement in eroded area of loess.

关 键 词：水土保持措施 地下径流 淤地坝工程 植被恢复 黄土高原丘陵沟壑区 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] X144[农业科学—农业基础科学]