微反应器中合成硝酸酯炸药  

Synthesis of Nitrate Ester Explosives in Micro Reactor

作　　者：韩骏奇[1] 孟子晖[1] 孟文君[1] 陈光文[2] 王伯周[3] 葛忠学[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学化工与环境学院,北京100081 [2]中科院大连化学物理研究所,辽宁大连116023 [3]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《含能材料》2010年第1期34-36,共3页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：基金项目：爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室资助（KFJJ09-04）

摘　　要：采用芯片式微反应器，进行了硝酸酯类炸药的合成研究。在该反应器中，以醇和硝硫混酸为原料，太根的产率为86．4％；硝化二乙二醇的产率为90．6％。研究了硝化剂与原料比值和液相空速对反应的影响，实验结果表明，酸与醇摩尔比较小时硝酸酯的产率随着液相空速的降低而增大，但硝酸与醇摩尔比增大后，硝酸酯产率变化不大；硝化剂与原料醇的比值有一个最佳值，HNO3／二乙二醇=5/1，HNO3／三乙二醇=4/1，当大于或小于这一比例时，硝酸酯的产率都将下降。Nitrate ester explosives were synthesized in chip based micro reactor. When alcohol and nitric-sulfuric mixed acid are mixed in the micro reactor,the yield of triethylene glycoldinitrate（TEGN） is 86.39% ,and the yield of diethylene glycol dinitrate is 90.60%. The effects of the ratio between nitration agent and raw material,and the effect of liquid hourly space velocity（LHSV） on the reaction were studied. The results show that when the ratio of acid/alcohol is low, the yield of nitrate explosives decreases with the increase of LHSV, however,when the mole ratio of acid/alcohol increased for a certain,the yield of the product did not change significantly with the decrease of LHSV. And the optimal mole ratio of nitric acid/alcohol for diethyleneglycol is 5, and for triethylene glycol is 4.

关 键 词：物理化学 微反应器 硝酸酯炸药 硝化反应 

分 类 号：TQ564[化学工程—炸药化工] TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]