纳米银的分散稳定性和光谱性质研究  

Research on Dispersion Stability of Nano Silver

作　　者：王蕊[1] 唐建国[1] 周厚强[1] 于亚楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]杂化材料研究所纤维材料与现代纺织国家重点实验室培育基地青岛大学,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《金属功能材料》2010年第1期17-21,共5页Metallic Functional Materials

基　　金：国家重大基础研究973前期专项资助项目(2004CCA04800);山东省基金;Y2008B06(2009-2011)

摘　　要：采用柠檬酸钠和葡萄糖还原硝酸银制备出平均粒径50nm左右的纳米银溶胶，通过x-射线衍射（XRD）、紫外可见光谱（UV-vis）和荧光光谱（FL）分析了银溶胶的结构和光学性能，最终确定了银溶胶的最佳激发和发射波长值分别为260nm和522nm。详细讨论了溶液pH值、醇／水比例及表面活性剂等因素对纳米银溶胶分散稳定性的影响，并通过透射电镜观察纳米银颗粒的存在状态。结果表明，纳米银溶胶在介电常数较高的溶剂中稳定性提高，体系pH值在5～6时稳定性较高，PVP、阳离子表面活性剂能够提高体系分散稳定性，阴离子表面活性剂则使银粒子发生明显的聚集。In this article, silver nanoparticles were prepared through reducing the silver nitrate by sodium citrate and D-glucose. The data of X-ray diffraction confirms that silver nanoparticles attribute to fcc crystal system and the TEM results show that the average diameter of silver nanopartieles is about 50 nm. The optimal excitation and emis- sion wavelength of the silver sol are 260nm and 522nm, respectively, determined by the fluorescence measurement. According to the dependence of the absorbance spectrum intensity on the corresponding size of original and aggrega- ted silver nanopartieles, the influences of pH, solvents and dispersants were investigated. The results show that weak acidity （pH ~5--6）, nonionic, cationic and PVP surfactants are helpful to keep size stability of silver nanop- articles while anionic surfactant results in apparent aggregation. The solvent influence on particle size is via its polar- ity and the experimental data show that the higher the dielectric constant is, the less the aggregation forms.

关 键 词：纳米银溶胶 PH值 表面活性剂 稳定性 透射电镜 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]