人工与自动气象站气温观测结果的差异规律分析  

Analysis of Differences of between Manual and Automatic Weather Station in Temperature Observations

作　　者：郑自君 刘康平 杨丽 

机构地区：[1]凉山州气象局,四川西昌615000 [2]什邡市气象局,四川什邡618400 [3]延安市气象局,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《成都信息工程学院学报》2010年第1期85-93,共9页Journal of Chengdu University of Information Technology

摘　　要：利用西昌国家基本气象站2007年1月1日—2008年12月31日人工和自动站24小时基准观测期间的气温资料,以日、月、季不同时间尺度及不同天气现象情况下的差异规律做统计分析,结果表明:人工与自动站的气温对比差值基本在正常范围内,超出正常范围的只是极个别值。无论是日均气温,还是日最高、日最低气温对比差值均有由大向小的渐降趋势。天气现象对气温的观测有所影响,尤其是出现露和阵雨的情况下二者差值较大,最大达1.5℃。西昌有干季、雨季之分,月平均和季平均的气温对比差值出现了明显的季节变化,在干季气温对比差值较小,平均为-0.39℃,在雨季较大,平均差值为-0.43℃。根据总云量分为晴、阴天,在阴天中又区分了阴天有降水和阴天无降水的情况,发现阴天的气温对比差值略大于晴天,阴天有降水时的气温对比差值略大于无降水时的对比差值,说明降水对气温的观测结果有影响。Using temperature data from Xichang Observatory for both manual and automated station from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2008, statistic analyses are made on the differences between manual-observed and automatic- observed temperature data in time scales of day, month and year and various weather conditions. The results indicate that difference of temperature between manual and automatic weather stations are within the normal range, except very few. All of day average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature have a trend from high to low. The weather conditions have influence on temperature observation, particularly in dew and showers weather. The maximum difference between two is 1.5℃. There are dry season and rainy season in Xichang. The ratios be- tween manual-observed and automatic-observed have seasonal difference. The average departure is -0.39℃ in dry season and -0.43℃ in rainy season. According to the total cloudiness, sample is distinguished into sunny days and cloudy days, which is further divided into cloudy days with the precipitation and cloudy days without precipitation. It is found that compared to the sunny days, the temperature ratio is larger. The temperature difference ratio of cloudy days with precipitation is slightly higher than the days without precipitation. It indicates that precipitation has influ- ence on temperature observations.

关 键 词：应用气象 应用气象研究 人工气象站 自动气象站 气温 对比差值 差异分析 

分 类 号：P412.11[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]