发展低碳经济应对全球气候变暖  

Developing Low-carbon Economy to Tackle Challenges from Climate Change

作　　者：鲍云樵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国能源研究会节能与企业能源管理专业委员会,北京100048

出　　处：《中外能源》2010年第3期9-18,共10页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要："低碳经济"是指以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的经济发展模式。全球气候变暖及其对人类生存造成的损害和威胁已为世人公认。联合国敦促世界各国采取紧急行动应对全球气候变暖。发展低碳经济已成为发达国家应对国际金融危机、遏制全球气候变暖的重大战略举措。奥巴马政府高度重视发展清洁能源和低碳技术,要求在2030年之前将石油消费降低35%。英国成为世界上第一个立法确定减排温室气体目标的国家,初步形成了以市场为基础,以政策为导向,全民互动的体系。但发达国家在减排温室气体问题上将历史撇在一边,不愿对减排承担主要责任,相反采取种种手段制约发展中国家经济发展,企图将我国纳入到量化减排的协议中。中国为应对气候变化做出了不懈努力和积极贡献,并主动承诺到2020年,单位GDP二氧化碳排放量比2005年减少40%～45%。中国政府在哥本哈根会议上阐述了应对气候变化问题的原则立场,即必须保持成果的一致性、坚持规则的公平性、注重目标的合理性、确保机制的有效性。中国发展低碳经济的当务之急,是转变经济发展模式,调整产业结构,实现从重化工业向高新技术型工业的转变,依靠科学发展观和先进的科学技术,走低碳高效发展的中国之路。应重点研发碳纤维材料和煤层下天然气开发技术,研发和推广应用信息化新型能源系统,推广先进能源技术的应用。同时加快发展低碳能源,确立核能在我国能源构成中的战略地位,加速开发剩余水电资源,有序、健康地发展可再生能源。与此同时,应强化节能教育,完善和细化《节能法》,推广节能新技术,提高回采率,保护煤炭资源;尽快推广超超临界发电机组;通过政策法规和先进技术,使建筑行业走上资源节约型和环境友好型的发展之路;重视研发新型动力汽车和新能源汽车。Low-carbon economy is an economic development mode characterized by low energy consumption, low pollution and low emissions.The injury and menace posed by global climate change to human being has long been acknowledged by the public.The United Nations has urged the world to act immediately to combat global climate change.Developing low-carbon economy is an important strategic step taken by the developed world to deal with the financial crisis and mitigate the global climate change.The US Obama administration has attached great importance to developing clean-energy and low-carbon technology and has vowed to reduce US oil consumption by 35% by 2030.The United Kingdom was the first nation to legislate on greenhouse gas emission reduction targets and has established a preliminary environmental protection system which is regulated by market forces and guided by governmental policies and in which all citizens are involved.On the other hand ,developed countries do not take historical records into consideration in discussing greenhouse gas emission reduction issues and would not assume the main responsibility of reducing emissions.On the contrary,they have tried every means to restrain developing nations＇ efforts to develop economy,including attempting to bring China under a quantized emission reduction agreement framework.China has made unremitting efforts and great contributions to mitigating climate change.It has pledged to cut its carbon dioxide emissions in relation to GDP by 40%-45% by 2020 as compared to 2005.The Chinese government made clear its principled stance on dealing with climate change at the Copenhagen conference,i.e.maintaining the consistency of outcomes ,upholding the fairness of rules ,paying attention to the practicality of the targets and ensuring the effectiveness of institutions and mechanisms.The immediate task for China in developing low-carbon economy is to change its pattern of developing economy and adjust its industrial structure,completing the transformation from heavy and chemical indus

关 键 词：低碳经济 减排温室气体 产业结构 低碳能源 核能 可再生能源 新型动力汽车 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]