含铂废催化剂综合利用技术进展  

Advances in Technology for Re-utilizing Spent Platinum Catalysts

作　　者：赵桂良[1] 高超[1] 史建公[1] 张敏宏[1] 张毅[1] 尹国海[1] 石勤智[2] 刘志坚[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化催化剂北京燕山分公司 [2]中国石化催化剂分公司,北京100011

出　　处：《中外能源》2010年第3期65-71,共7页Sino-Global Energy

基　　金：中国石化催化剂分公司支持项目资助(项目编号:09-05-03)

摘　　要：化工领域产生的大量含铂废催化剂是重要的二次铂资源,对其进行回收利用具有很大的经济价值。不同类型的铂催化剂适合不同的回收工艺。目前Pt/C型废催化剂的回收主要采用载体燃烧法富集贵金属组分,然后通过湿法冶金工艺对粗铂进行精炼。Pt/Al2O3负载型催化剂的回收工艺主要包括湿法和干法,根据催化剂性质的差异,湿法分为溶解载体法(酸溶和碱溶)、选择性浸出活性组分法(酸浸出和氰化物浸出)和催化剂全溶法(酸溶);干法主要包括加热挥发法和熔融置换法,干法工艺流程短,但对设备的要求非常高,投资也很大。Pt合金催化剂的回收主要有炉灰回收法、过滤回收法和捕集网回收法,其中捕集网回收法是最简单高效的方法,是合成氨最佳的催化剂回收工艺。今后的研究方向应是缩短工艺流程,减少环境污染,尤其要减少回收过程中的碳排放。可以采用特殊的溶剂对废催化剂进行脱碳和脱硫预处理,以代替高温焙烧预处理。此外,国家应该统一规划废铂催化剂回收产业,尽快建立技术水平高、工艺路线合理、无三废排放的规模化废催化剂回收基地。Large amounts of platinum-containing spent catalysts from the chemical sector are important sources of platinum.It is very profitable to recover platinum from these catalysts.Different types of platinum catalysts require different recovery technologies.Pt/C waste catalysts are currently mainly recovered using the carrier combustion method to enrich noble metal components and then wet-method metallurgy technology is used to refine the platina.Pt/Al2O3 supported catalysts are mainly recovered using the wet or dry method. Depending on the nature of the catalysts,the wet method used can be the dissolved carrier method （acidic dissolution and alkali dissolution method）,the active component selective leaching out method （acidic leaching out and cyanide leaching out） and catalyst full dissolution method （acidic dissolution）.The main dry methods include the heating volatilization method and the melt displacement method.The dry method has the advantage of short process but is very demanding on equipment and requires high investment.The main methods for recovering Pt alloy catalysts include the boiler dust recovery method,filtering recovery method and capturing net recovery method.The capturing net method is the most simple and efficient method and the best catalyst recovery technology for synthetic ammonia.Future research should target shortening process and reducing pollution,particularly the discharge of carbon during the recovery process.Special solvents can be used to decarbonize and desulfurize waste catalysts to replace the high-temperature roasting pretreatment process.In addition ,the government should make uniform plans for the development of waste platinum catalyst recovery industry and establish large waste catalyst recovery bases with advanced technologies and rational process routes and free of waste discharges as soon as possible.

关 键 词：铂 废催化剂 回收工艺 湿法 干法 脱碳预处理 

分 类 号：X78[环境科学与工程—环境工程]