云南省高氟区居民地方性氟中毒健康教育需求调查  

Health demand for endemic fluorosis among people in high fluoride areas of Yunnan Province

作　　者：姚霜[1] 范群[1] 肖义泽[2] 王冰[1] 者丽萍[1] 杨苹[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省第二人民医院,云南省牙病防治研究中心,云南昆明650021 [2]云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南昆明650022

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2010年第2期124-126,共3页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：云南省科技厅-昆明医学院联合专项基金资助(2007C0038R)

摘　　要：目的了解云南省高氟区居民的地方性氟中毒防治知识掌握情况和健康教育需求现状,为探索可行的干预策略提供参考依据。方法从昭通市高氟区的乌峰镇、赤水源镇、雨河镇及扎西镇抽取小学六年级学生400人、成年人200人,对全部调查对象进行氟斑牙检查,对其中120名学生和60名成年人进行地方性氟中毒相关知识、生活方式、健康教育需求的问卷调查。结果调查对象中,546人患有氟斑牙,患病率为91.0%,氟牙症指数为2.58;其中,学生患病率为86.5%,低于成年人的100%(P<0.01);农村学生患病率为90.5%,高于城区学生的82.5%(P<0.05)。调查对象中,地方性氟中毒知晓率仅为23.3%,认为地方性氟中毒对生活造成影响的比例为73.9%,生活燃料以燃煤为主的比例为81.1%,采用烘烤方法加工食物的比例为22.7%,含氟牙膏的使用率为42.8%。调查对象希望获得地氟病防治知识的主要途径是电视(41.1%)、广播(29.4%)和图片及小册子(21.1%),城区调查对象最希望的方式是电视(61.1%),而农村为广播(56.7%)。结论云南高氟区居民的地氟病防治知识知晓率非常低,迫切需要加强健康教育的宣传教育和普及工作,应采取有效的、灵活多样的、有针对性的多元化大众传播手段,以满足调查对象希望获得的健康教育知识。Objective To understand the awareness of endemic fluorosis prevention and control among people in Yunnan Province and their health demand, and to provide evidence for exploring the possible intervention strategies. Methotis With stratified random sampling method, 400 students of grade 6 in primary school and 200 adults were selected to be examined for dental fluorosis, in which 120 primary students and 60 adults were conducted a survey with the content of the fluorosis knowledge, life style and health demand. Results The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis among the participants was 91.0%, and their dental fluorosis index was 2. 58. The prevalence rate of the students was 86. 5%, lower than that of adults with the rate of 100% （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The prevalence rate of the rural students was 90. 5% , lower than that of urban students with the rate of 82. 5% （P 〈0. 05）. The awareness rate of endemic fluorosis of the participants was 23.3%. 73. 9% of the participants thought the endemic fluorosis had influence on their lives. The rates of the participants who used coal for living fuel, who roasted food usually, and who used toothpaste with fluoride were 81.1%, 22. 7% and 42. 8%, respectively. The channels the participants liked were TV （41.1%）, broadcasting （29.4%）, and pictures and booklet （21.1%）. The favorite channel of urban participants was TV （61.1%）, while that of rural participants was broadcasting （56. 7% ）. Conclusion The awareness rate of endemic fluorosis prevention and control in high fluoride areas of Yunnan Province is very low, and it is urgent to enhance and popularize health education. Health education should be based mainly on effective, flexible and specific mass communication to satisfy people＇s health demand.

关 键 词：燃煤型氟中毒 知晓率 健康教育 需求 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R591.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]