唐五代时期江南农业生产商品化及其影响  

The Commercialization of Agricultural Production and Its Effect in South China in the Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties

作　　者：张剑光[1] 邹国慰[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院,上海200234 [2]<高等学校文科学术文摘>编辑部,上海200234

出　　处：《学术月刊》2010年第2期119-129,共11页Academic Monthly

基　　金：上海市教育委员会重点学科项目(编号:J50405)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：农业生产商品化倾向是唐五代时期江南农业发展的一个显著特点。唐五代时期江南农业生产的较快发展,为商品化和专业化带来了可能。水稻等粮食作物大面积种植,培育出了许多优质品种,有的纯粹是为了商品生产而种植;江南粮食贩运至全国各地,不但远距离的粮食贩运贸易相当兴盛,而且在江南本地市场的销售亦十分繁盛,一些地区的粮食缺口往往是靠市场来补充。江南种植了大量的经济作物,呈现出了规模化的特征。江南养殖业和渔业生产发展较快,与商品化倾向密切相关。随着江南人口的不断增多,各级市场的扩容,对农副产品的需求量增大。农业生产商品化的趋势和农产品商品化程度的不断提高,是唐五代时期江南农业生产发展的必然结果,同时它反过来对江南社会起着重大的影响,促进了江南城市经济的繁荣和地方市场的勃兴,并且为手工业的发展提供了充足的原料,对江南农村的种植结构和贫富分化也产生了影响。The inclination of the commercialization of the agricultural production is an important feature of the development of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. The rapid speed of the development of agriculture made it possible. Rice was widely planted at that time and a lot of high quality varieties were cultivated, some of which were planted only for the aim of production. The rice in south China was delivered to the whole country, which caused the prosperous of the grain＇s trade. The insufficiency of some areas was supplied by the market. A lot of economic crops were planted in south China which appeared the feature of scale. In order to pursue the profit, famers adjusted the structure of the crops continuously and widely planted tea, fruits and mulberry, which became the main economic source in some mountain areas. The aquaculture and the fishery developed very rapidly. It was related to the inclination of commercialization. With the growth of the population, the expansion of the needs of agricultural byproducts and the proper natural circumstances provided a large amount of products for the market. The development of the commercialization of the agricultural production is an inevitable outcome of the development of agriculture. Meanwhile, it greatly affected the society and promoted the prosperous of economic. It also provided abundant materials for the handicraft industry and brought important effect of the structure of the crops planting and the polarization between the rich and the poor.

关 键 词：江南 农业生产 商品化 粮食作物 经济作物 

分 类 号：K243[历史地理—历史学]