自然保护区管理有效性评价方法的比较与应用  

Comparison and applications of methodologies for management effectiveness assessment of protected areas

作　　者：权佳[1] 欧阳志云[1] 徐卫华[1] 苗鸿[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生物多样性》2010年第1期90-99,共10页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新群体项目(40621061);WB/WWF"提高自然保护区管理计划在中国的应用和实施"项目

摘　　要：建立自然保护区是保护生物多样性的最重要的途径之一,开展自然保护区管理有效性评价是了解自然保护区管理状况、提升保护区管理水平、实现保护区管理目标的有效途径。在国际自然保护联盟世界保护区委员会(WCPA)提出的保护区管理有效性评价框架的基础上,世界上很多国家和组织机构根据本国的实际情况开发了更为详细的评价方法。这些方法可以归为4类,包括基于证据的深入评价法、基于同行评定的综合评价法、基于专家知识的快速记分评价法,以及基于假设的分类评价法。本文比较了这4类方法的应用范围、对象、目的、形式,以及各类方法的优缺点及其适用条件,总结了8种主要方法的评价指标的构成及其应用现状。在此基础上,分析了自然保护区管理有效性评价方法在中国自然保护区中的应用及存在的问题,并提出了适用于中国自然保护区管理有效性评价的方法及其评价指标构成。Establishment of protected areas is one of the most important approaches for biodiversity conservation.Assessment of management effectiveness of protected areas is critical to understand the management situation,to improve the management level,and to achieve the management targets.Based on the World Commission on Protected Areas（WCPA） of IUCN framework for assessing management effectiveness of protected areas and protected area systems,specific assessment methodologies have been developed and implemented in many countries according to their own situations.The assessment methodologies are generally generalized into four types,including in-depth evidence-based assessments,comprehensive system-wide peer-based assess-ments,rapid expert-based scorecard,and categorical assumption-based assessments.In the present paper,we compare the four types in terms of application scales,targets,objectives,assessment forms,advantages,disadvantages and adaptable situations.Eight categories of methodologies are summarized in terms of the assessment indicators and current application status.On the basis of this analysis,applications and problems of the assessment methodologies in China are further discussed and a proper assessment indicator system is proposed.

关 键 词：自然保护区 管理有效性 评价框架 评价方法 评价指标 跟踪工具 

分 类 号：F592[经济管理—旅游管理]