棉花滴灌专用肥氮磷钾元素在土壤中的运移及其利用率  

Movement of N,P and K of cotton drip irrigation special fertilizer in soil and the fertilizer use efficiency

作　　者：尹飞虎[1] 刘洪亮 谢宗铭[1] 陈云[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院,石河子832000 [2]新疆石河子农业科技开发研究中心土肥所,石河子832000

出　　处：《地理研究》2010年第2期235-243,共9页Geographical Research

基　　金："十一五"国家"863"重大专项(2006AA100218);新疆兵团重大科技攻关项目(GKB00NKYGJ12NY);国家自然科学基金(40973061)

摘　　要：棉花滴灌专用肥是基于绿洲干旱区域滴灌施肥和棉花需肥特点研发的新型复合肥。通过田间试验,对比研究了滴灌专用肥与常规肥的不同养分在土壤中的运移特点及滴灌棉花的养分利用率。结果表明:在膜下滴施条件下,滴灌专用肥的氮、磷、钾养分在土壤中的移动性强于常规肥,养分在土层中的分布与棉花根系分布特点吻合度好,促进了棉花根系养分吸收,提高了养分利用率;棉花滴灌专用肥氮、磷、钾的生理利用效率较常规肥分别提高了3.62%、4.18%和1.45%,农学利用率较常规肥分别提高了29.37%、29.2%和29.38%;在等养分条件下,滴施专用肥增产籽棉6.9%。Under plastic film drip irrigation is extensively employed in cotton crop planting in Xinjiang,China.Fertigation is one of the core techniques of water saving irrigation.The ideal fertilizer used for fertigation should be highly dissoluble in order to avoid blocking of dripping tunnel of drip pipe.Cotton special fertilizers are kinds of novel compound fertilizer which well fit the drip irrigation system and nutrition need of cotton crop under drip irrigation.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the mobility of N,P and K elements of both special fertilizer and formal fertilizer in soil and cotton use efficiency under drip irrigation.Field experiments were conducted in Shihezi,Xinjiang in 2006.The results indicated that N,P and K elements of special fertilizer were more movable in soil than that of formal fertilizer under fertigation and their distributions in soil were fit for cotton root distribution.Use efficiency of N,P and K of special fertilizer were enhanced to some degree by fertigation.Physiological use efficiencies of N,P and K of special fertilizer compared with that of normal fertilizer were increased by 3.62%,4.18% and 1.45%,respectively.Agronomic efficiency of N,P and K of special fertilizer compared with that of normal fertilizer were increased by 29.37%,29.2% and 29.38%,respectively.Compared with normal fertilizer applying treatment,the seed cotton yield of special fertilizer one was increased by 6.9%.

关 键 词：棉花 滴灌专用肥 常规肥 运移 肥料利用效率 农学利用率 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]