19世纪以来基督教新教在广东的空间扩散模式  

Spatial diffusion patterns of Protestants in Guangdong since 19th century

作　　者：薛熙明[1] 朱竑[2] 陈晓亮[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南林学院生态旅游学院,昆明650224 [2]中山大学地理与规划学院,广州510275

出　　处：《地理研究》2010年第2期303-312,共10页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40771067;40961066);广东省普通高校人文社会科学研究重点项目(05ZD790008);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-07-0889)

摘　　要：地理环境往往会对宗教的扩散和分布产生重要影响。扩散是宗教地理研究关注的一个重要方面,而对具体宗教扩散模式的研究在国内尚属薄弱。对基督教新教自19世纪初传入广东后的空间扩散形态进行分析,发现存在着多种扩散模式。其中,点轴式迁移扩散最为普遍,但中间障碍的存在常常使发展轴线发生变换;等级扩散呈现出按照人口分布规模、交通地重要性和行政等级的特征;传染扩散模式随着媒介的变化而不断演进;依托海岛的跳板式扩散则是沿海地区基督教扩散的特殊形式。这些模式虽是从经典文化扩散模式演化而来,但在具体特征上已有显著变化。研究试图对传统的文化扩散模式进行重新解读,并为"腹地-口岸-市场"的文化扩散理论提供成熟案例。Diffusion and distribution of religions were often influenced by geographical environment,so the subject has been a long-term topic of religious geography.In the mainland of China,the study is still to be strengthened on the religious diffusion pattern in the specific area and during the course of social changes.On the analysis of the spread of Protestants in the 19th and the first half of the 20th century in Guangdong,four diffusion patterns were presented at least,including point-axis relocation diffusion,hierarchical diffusion,contagious diffusion,and springboard diffusion.The spread of Protestants in the point-axis relocation diffusion pattern relies on the constant movement of missionaries,thus MRCs（Missionary Residential Centers）extended from port to inland along the axis（usually a traffic line）.However,the existence of obstacles in the middle may also cause the veer of the developing axis.Hierarchical diffusion of Protestants launched on the level of population,of transport node and of administrative area,especially for the foremost two.In general,MRCs will spread by the grade,but also vice versus in some periods.According to the different types of media,different characteristics of space-time were shown in the pattern of infection diffusion.In the history,Hong Kong became not only a springboard,but also a resource for the Protestants＇ diffusion in Guangdong.This is called island-based springboard pattern,with the character of point（island）to point（seaport）.It is noticeable that all of these patterns evolve from the classic cultural diffusion ones,but may be different from them more or less.The research tries to explain the classic cultural diffusion patterns,and to provide a good case for the cultural diffusion theory of ＂hinterland-port-market＂.

关 键 词：基督教新教 文化扩散 空间 模式 广东 

分 类 号：K29[历史地理—历史学] B979[历史地理—中国史]