优化施氮下稻-麦轮作体系氮肥氨挥发损失研究  

Effect of optimized nitrogen application on ammonia volatilization from paddy field under wheat-rice rotation system

作　　者：夏文建[1] 周卫[1] 梁国庆[1] 王秀斌[1] 孙静文[1] 李双来[2] 胡诚[2] 陈云峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥所,湖北武汉430064

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2010年第1期6-13,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家水稻产业技术体系课题;国家重点基础研究发展计划课题(2007CB109307);国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD25B01);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助

摘　　要：采用密闭室连续通气法研究了优化施氮下湖北稻-麦轮作体系农田氨挥发损失。结果表明,肥料氮素氨挥发损失量随施肥量增加而增加。施肥处理小麦季氨挥发损失量为N 11.37~17.05 kg/hm2,肥料氮氨挥发损失率为4.75%5~.43%,氨挥发峰值大约发生在施肥后的第35~d,肥料氨挥发过程持续71~0 d 水稻季氨挥发损失量为N32.506~2.82 kg/hm2,肥料氮氨挥发损失率为8.24%1~9.38%,氨挥发峰值大约发生在施肥后的第23~d,氨挥发过程持续57~d。水稻季和小麦季氨挥发之间差异显著,整个稻-麦轮作体系氨挥发主要发生在水稻季,约占整个轮作体系的74.08%7~8.65%。同习惯施氮相比,基于作物阶段氮素吸收增加追肥比例和施肥次数的优化施氮能有效减少肥料氮的氨挥发损失。A continuous airflow enclosure method was used to measure the ammonia volatilization（AV） from paddy field under the wheat-rice rotation system in Hubei Province.The results indicated that total amount of AV loss generally increased with the urea application rate.In wheat growing season,AV loss varied from N 11.37-17.05 kg/ha which accounted for 4.75 to 5.43 percent of applied N,the AV from fertilizer N lasted for 7-10 days and peak of AV occurred within 3-5 days after fertilization;While in rice growing season,AV loss varied from N 32.50-62.82 kg/ha which ranged from 8.24 to 19.38 percent of applied N,the AV from fertilizer N lasted for 5-7 days and the peak occurred within 2-3 days after fertilizer was applied.Most of the AV loss occurred in the rice season,which ranged from 74.08% to 78.65% of total AV loss in the entire rotation system.Compared to farmer practice,optimizing N application associated with increasing ratios of dress N to base N fertilizer and times of split application based on plant N uptake at different growth stages could obviously reduce the AV loss under the rice-wheat rotation system.

关 键 词：稻麦轮作 氨挥发 水稻土 优化施氮 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S512.1S143