超级早、晚稻的养分吸收和根系分布特性研究  

Characteristics of nutrient uptake and root system distribution in super early and super late rice

作　　者：袁小乐[1] 潘晓华[1] 石庆华[1] 吴建富[1] 漆映雪 

机构地区：[1]农业部双季稻生理生念与栽培重点开放实验室,作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西农业大学,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省土壤肥料技术推广站,江西南昌330046

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2010年第1期27-32,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD02A04);江西省科技厅重点攻关项目(20051B020010)资助

摘　　要：为了阐明双季超级稻的高产机理和指导合理施肥,采用品种比较的方法,研究了超级早、晚稻品种的养分吸收和根系分布特性。结果表明,超级早、晚稻品种的养分吸收量平均分别为N 170.04、224.90 kg/hm2,P 21.97、39.88kg/hm2,K 107.48、144.47 kg/hm2,均高于对照。生育中期(穗分化至抽穗)的养分吸收量与产量密切相关。生产100kg稻谷所需要的养分较对照低10%左右。超级早、晚稻品种根系发达,根量较大。抽穗后15 d(早稻)或20 d(晚稻)的根量与产量密切相关,其中5—10 cm的根量与养分吸收总量密切相关。说明生育中期较多的养分吸收和发达的根系是超级早、晚稻高产的重要原因。In order to elucidate the mechanisms involved in high yield of rice and provide guidance for fertilization in rice farming,the characteristics of nutrient uptake and root distribution in both super early rice and super late rice were studied under field conditions.The average uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus （P）,and potassium（K） was 170.04,21.97 and 107.48 kg/ha,respectively,by super early rice,and was 224.90,39.88 and 144.47 kg/ha,respectively,by super late rice.Except for super early rice zhuliangyou819,the nutrient uptakes of super rice were higher than those of control rice cultivars.The total amount of nutrient uptakes from panicle initiation to heading were positively correlated with the grain yield of super rice.Compared to the control cultivars,super rice had a larger root system and higher dry root weight,but the nutrient requirement for per 100 kg of grain production was 10% less.The dry root weights of super rice at 15 d or 20 d post-heading were positively correlated with grain yield.Furthermore,only the root weight in 5-10 cm deep soil exhibited significant correlation with super rice＇s nutrient uptake.In general,these observations suggest that a higher grain yield of super early and late rice is mainly due to the higher uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium from panicle initiation to heading,and a larger root system.

关 键 词：超级稻 养分吸收 根系 产量 

分 类 号：S511.3[农业科学—作物学]