海藻酸钠-高岭土/聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺吸水树脂的制备及其性能  

Preparation and Property of Sodium Alginate-Kaolin/P(AA-AM) Super Absorbent Resin

作　　者：林健[1] 牟国栋[1] 李伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学材料科学与工程学院,西安710054

出　　处：《科技导报》2010年第3期55-58,共4页Science & Technology Review

摘　　要：目前高吸水性树脂研究较多的是均聚物,但随着其发展,某些产品的不足之处也逐渐凸显出来,如成本太高、强度不够、吸水速率慢、吸水量低、耐盐性能不好、保水性能不好等,可以采用两种或多种单体共聚合,也可采用接枝共聚或添加廉价填料等方法来改善高吸水性树脂的综合性能及降低生产成本。以丙烯酸为单体,海藻酸钠为接枝物,添加高岭土、丙烯酰胺,通过溶液聚合法制备了复合型耐盐高吸水性树脂。研究了海藻酸钠、高岭土、引发剂、交联剂用量对材料耐盐的影响,制备出在蒸馏水、0.9%NaCl中吸水倍率分别达到895g/g、85g/g的样品。研究了海藻酸钠-高岭土/聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚制备高吸水树脂的吸水性能。结果表明,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,反应温度65～75℃,丙烯酸中和度为60%,反应时间4h,引发剂用量0.8%～1.2%,高吸水树脂具有较高的吸水能力;随交联剂用量增大,高吸水树脂的吸水能力下降;随反应温度升高、反应时间延长、丙烯酸中和度增大、引发剂用量以及交联剂用量增大、反应单体浓度升高,海藻酸钠-高岭土/聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物高吸水树脂的耐盐性明显增强。采用红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等方法对产物的内部结构、表面结构进行了表征。Currently, the studies of Super Absorbent Resins （SAR） are focused on homopolymers. But with their development, the defects of some products have gradually cropped up, such as high cost, low strength, slow water-absorption rate, insufficient amount of waterabsorption, poor salt-tolerant performance. So people have to use copolymerization or graft copolymerization of two or more monomers or to add cheap fillers to improve the comprehensive performance of SAR and reduce the production costs. In this study, a salt-tolerant super absorbent resin was obtained by crosslinking copolymerization, using acrylicacid, acrylamide, sodium alginate and kaolin. Aqueous solution polymerization method was used for improving properties of super absorbent resin, which would be affected by the amount of crosslinking agent, initiator, kaolin, acrylamide and drying condition, and so on. It is shown that the water absorption rate can reach 895g/g, and the salt absorption rate can reach 85g/g. Super absorbents were also synthesized by copolymerization of acrylic acid, acrylamide, sodium alginate and kaolin, to improve the absorbency properties. The results show that with K2S2Os as the initiator, the dosage of 0.8%-1.2%, the temperature of 65-75℃, the neutralization degree of acrylic acid of 60%, the reaction time of 4 hours, good absorbency properties are obtained. When the neutralization degree of acrylic acid, the temperature, the reaction time, the monomer concentration and the dosage of crosslinker are appropriately adjusted, the anti-ultraviolet properties are also improved. The surface structure and morphology of microsphere and heat property were analyzed by IR and SEM.

关 键 词：吸水树脂 耐盐 丙烯酸 高岭土 海藻酸钠 吸水性能 

分 类 号：TQ324.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]