中国CO2地质封存与可持续发展  

Geological Sequestration of CO_2 and China's Sustainable Development

作　　者：崔振东[1] 刘大安[1] 曾荣树[1] 田甜[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,中国科学院工程地质力学重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国矿业大学力学与建筑工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2010年第3期9-13,共5页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家973项目(编号:2006CB705802);国家863高技术项目(编号:2008AA062303)资助

摘　　要：在全球气候变暖的自然趋势下,推行CO2地质封存项目对减缓气候变暖进程和我国实施可持续发展战略具有重要意义。本文概述了CO2在地质储层-盖层系统中的两种捕获机制:一是通过地层构造压力、地下水动力、流体密度差、盖层岩石毛细管压力及矿物(煤层)吸附等共同作用的物理捕获机制,另一种是通过水岩化学反应进行固碳的化学捕获机制。归纳了有利于长期安全封存CO2的地质条件和水文特征,结合文献资料指出我国CO2有效地质封存总容量可供中国CO2地质埋存使用1 000年以上。并从科学技术能力、人才储备、经济成本及效益预算、管理和运营体制等方面进行论证,认为我国实施CO2地质封存项目是切实可行的。结合我国不合理的能源消费结构及全球气候变暖、环境恶化可能产生的后果,阐述了CO2地质封存对我国实现节能减排、低碳经济等可持续发展战略的深远意义。建议我国尽快组织开展CO2地质封存相关科学理论、封存技术及基本框架和配套政策、法规研究,为我国应对全球气候变化提供足够的技术和人才储备。On the natural trend of global wanning, the implementation of CO2 geological sequestration projects is of great significance on mitigation of climate wanning process and China＇ s sustainable development strategy. This article outlines two kinds of capturing mechanisms for CO2 geological sequestration： one ：is physical capturing mechanism by the formation tectonic pressure, groundwater dynamic, fluid density difference, capillary pressure and the cap rock minerals （coal） adsorption, etc., and the other is chemical capturing mechanism by water-rock chemical reaction. Then it points out the favorable geological conditions and hydrological characteristics for long-term security of sealed CO2. According to literature data, we point out that China＇ s total effective capacity for CO2 geological sequestration may be adequate for injecting 1 000 years of the emission CO2 in China. By considering the scientific and technical capacity, human resources reserves, the economic costs and benefits of the budget, the relevant management and operational systems, the implementation of CO2 geological sequestration project in China is proved to be feasible. Combined with China＇ s irrational energy consumption structure and the bad consequences of glo.b~ wanning and environmental degradation, we interpret the far-reaching significance of CO2 geological sequestration on China＇ s sustainable development including effective energy-saving, emission reduction, and low-carbon economy. It is suggested that China should develop related studies on scientific theories, storage technologies, the basic framework, supporting policies and regulations, which may supply adequate techniques and skilled talents for Chinese government to slow down global warming.

关 键 词：二氧化碳 气候变暖 环境恶化 地质封存 可持续发展 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P5