生态退耕对安塞县土地利用及其生态服务功能的影响  

Impacts of Ecological Cropland-conversion on Land Use and Ecosystem Service Functions in Ansai County

作　　者：冉圣宏[1] 吕昌河[1] 王茜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2010年第3期111-116,共6页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目"景观格局与生态过程的尺度效应及尺度转换方法"(kzcx2-yw-421);国家重点基础研究发展计划"干旱区绿洲化;荒漠化过程及其对人类活动;气候变化的响应与调控"(2009CB421300)资助

摘　　要：以生态系统服务价值作为衡量区域生态服务功能的指标,对安塞县1998-2006年间生态服务功能的变化进行了分析。根据黄土丘陵沟壑区耕地坡度与水土流失相关关系以及农户调查数据,对安塞县耕地扰动调节、水分调节、水供应、侵蚀控制以及不同坡耕地食物供应能力的生态服务价值指数进行了修正。在此基础上,分析了安塞县退耕还林还草政策对区域生态服务功能变化的影响。结果表明:生态建设措施使得安塞县生态恶化的趋势得到扭转,其生态服务功能在1998-2006年间增加了12%,其中缓坡耕地、中坡耕地和陡坡耕地的退出,对安塞县生态服务功能增强的贡献率分别为25%,48%,27%。文章还对生态建设的监督与投资进行了讨论,认为基于实验的生态系统功能监测与评估技术才是生态系统服务价值评估的基础;生态建设所带来的生态效益的主要获益者是更大空间范围的利益相关者甚至全社会,因此作为社会代表的政府应成为生态建设的主要投资主体。By using the ecosystem service value as the index of regional ecosystem service functions, the change of ecosystem service functions of Ansai County from 1998 to 2006 was analyzed. Based on the relationship of cultivated land＇ s gradient and soil/water loss in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau and villager survey results, the index of ecosystem service values of cultivated land＇ s disturbance regulation, water regulation, water supply, erosion control and food function was amended. Then the impacts of replacing agriculture with forestation policy on Ansai County＇s regional ecosystem service values were analyzed. The results show that ecosystem restoration measures changed the ecosystem function deterioration trend in Ansai Count）,. Ecosystem service functions increased 12% from 1998 to 2006. The contribution ratios of lowgradient cultivated land, middle-gradient cultivated land and high-gradient cultivated land were 25%, 48% and 27%, respectively. This article argues that the observation and assessment technulogy based on experiments is the basis of ecosystem service value assessment. The biggest beneficiaries of eco-constructions are the stakeholders of bigger spatial areas and even the whole society. Different-level government units, as the representatives of the society, should be the main body for investing eco-constructions.

关 键 词：生态服务功能 生态退耕 土地利用变化 安塞县 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]