大型溞引导的沉水植被生态修复对滴水湖水质的净化效果  

Bioremediation efficiency of applying Daphnia magna and submerged plants:A case study in Dishui Lake of Shanghai,China

作　　者：霍元子[1,2] 何文辉[1,2] 罗坤[1,2] 王阳阳[1,2] 张饮江[1,2] 田千桃[1,2] 何培民[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学水域环境生态上海高楼工程研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2010年第2期495-499,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大项目(2008ZX07101-012);上海市科委重点科技攻关项目(09391912000);上海市科委应用基础研究项目(09DZ1200903);上海市水生生物学重点学科项目(S30701);上海海洋大学博士启动基金项目资助

摘　　要：2007年4月-2008年1月,在滴水湖D港中段长950m（水量为10000m^3）的修复区内投放大型溞（Daphnia magna）,以滤除水华藻类等颗粒有机物,然后移栽伊乐藻、苦草、轮叶黒藻、光叶眼子菜和菹草等沉水植物,逐月监测水体中总氮（TN）、铵态氮（NH4^＋-N）、硝态氮（NO3^--N）、亚硝态氮（NO2^--N）、总磷（TP）、活性磷酸盐（PO4^3--P）和COD等水质指标,分析沉水植被栽培对滴水湖水体水质的净化效果.结果表明：试验期间,修复区水体TN、TP、NO3^--N、NO2^--N、NH4^＋-N、PO4^3--P和COD显著低于对照区（P〈0.01）,溶解氧（DO）增加了50.4%,水体透明度（SD）平均在3.43.7m,水质达到国家Ⅱ-Ⅲ类地表水水质标准;2008年3月应用已构建的沉水植被群落对富营养化流水水体水质进行净化试验,7d后修复区流水水体除BOD外,TN、TP、NO3^--N、NO2^--N、NH4^＋-N、PO4^3--P和COD均显著降低（P〈0.01）,DO增加了17.98%,SD提高了30cm.利用大型溞控藻后移栽沉水植物对滴水湖水体水质的净化效果十分显著.From April 2007 to January 2008,a bioremediation experiment was conducted in a diversion channel of D-port pilot area of Dishui Lake（the channel length is 950 m,and its water volume is 10000 m3）.Daphnia magna was first introduced to filter the high biomass of phytoplankton and other particulate organic matter,and then,five submerged plant species Elodea canadensis,Vallisneria spiralis,Hydrilla verticillata,Potamogeton lucens,and Potamogeton crispus were transplanted.Water samples were collected monthly to monitor the water quality and to investigate the bioremediation efficiency.Ten months monitoring data showed that in the remediation area,the water body＇s total nitrogen（TN）,ammonium nitrogen（NH4＋-N）,nitrate nitrogen（NO3^--N）,nitrite nitrogen（NO2^--N）,total phosphorus（TP）,and reactive phosphate（PO4 3--P）concentrations and chemical oxygen demand（COD）were significantly lower（P〈0.01）,dissolved oxygen（DO）was increased by 50.4%,and the Secchi depth（SD）reached to an average of 3.4-3.7 m.Overall,the water quality was up to grades Ⅱ or Ⅲ of state water quality standards for surface water.In March 2008,the established submerged plant community was used to test its effectiveness in improving the eutrophicated water body from Dishui Lake,and the results showed that after 7-day treatment,except biological oxygen demand（BOD）,the TN,TP,NO3^--N,NO2^--N,NH4^＋-N,and PO4^3--P concentrations and COD of the eutrophicated water were all decreased significantly,the DO was increased by 17.98%,and the SD was increased by 30 cm.The present study demonstrated the effectiveness of introducing D.magna and transplanting submerged plants in improving the water quality of Dishui Lake.

关 键 词：大型溞 沉水植物 滴水湖 生态修复 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]