保护性施氮对大豆氮素同化影响的研究  

STUDY ON EFFECT OF PROTECTIVELY APPLIED NITROGEN ON THE NITROGEN ASSIMILATION OF SOYBEAN

作　　者：徐凤花[1] 崔占利[1] 刘永春[1] 汤树德[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学植物科技学院微生物系,密山158308

出　　处：《土壤学报》1998年第4期536-544,共9页Acta Pedologica Sinica

摘　　要：通过高C／N比值麦秸的“氮因子效应”调控土壤（肥料）氮固定-矿化动态作为大豆保护性施氮的手段。从大豆结瘤、固氮活性、木质部溶质氮形态以及植株同化氮量论证了保护性施氮的生物学效应。试验表明，保护性施氮不仅颇大缓解乃至完全消除了氮肥对大豆结瘤和固氮活性的抑制，提高了木质部中酰脲态氮的相对丰度和有机态氮含量，保护了共生固氮体系正常发育及其功能发挥的前提下，又提高了土壤的供氮水平，从而为大豆籽实蛋白质的合成创造了一个根瘤氮和土壤（肥料）氮协调供应的营养条件。因此，在田间施氮20和40kg／hm2条件下，保护性施氮处理比常规施氮处理，秸秆氨产量分别相对提高了5．1和23.0％；种子氮产量分别相对提高了52．4和32．6%。This paper deals with the reasonable (protective) application of nitrogen fertilizer for soybean. It was by means of the 'nitrogen-factor effect' of wheatstraw with a high ratio of C / N to regulate the immobilization mineralization process of soil or fertilizer nitrogen. The biological effect of protectively applied nitrogen on nodulation N-fixing activity, nitrogen forms in Xyloid liquid, and amount of assimilated nitrogen in soybean were studied. ResultS indicated that protectively applied nitrogen could decrease even eliminate the inhibiting effect of nitrogen fertilizer on nodulation and N-fixiing activity of soybean, condinate the supply of nitrogen from nodule and soil and increase the relative content of ureide-N and the content of organic nitrogen in its xylon. The normal development and function of symbiotic nitrogen fixation system would be protected. It is beneficial for the synthesis of soybean protein. Therefore, as 20kg / hm2 and 40kg / hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer were applied, N in the straw of soybean increased by 5.l% and 23.0% and N in the seed increased by 23.0% and 32.6% respectively with protectovely application of nitrogen.

关 键 词：大豆 保护性施氮 结瘤 固氮 

分 类 号：S565.106.2[农业科学—作物学]