不同选择方法及选择强度对三种类型大豆杂交组合后代选择效应的研究  

A Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Selection by Different Methods and Intensities in Crosses among Three Parental Types of Soybeans

作　　者：李新海[1] 王金陵[1] 杨庆凯[1] 邹继军[1] 焦少杰[2] 王丽明 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学大豆研究所,哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院育种所,哈尔滨150036

出　　处：《作物学报》1998年第6期756-762,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

摘　　要：以进化程度不同的三种类型大豆四个品种配制的三种杂交组合F_2至F_4代为材料,采用系谱法、摘荚法及5％、10％、25％入选率的混合选择法按共同目标进行定向选择,以比较不同处理方法的选择效应及其对主要农艺性状的影响。结果表明:(1)在野生或半野生组合中,摘荚法或25％混合选择法选的材料成熟略晚2～3日,平均百粒重较小;而在栽培组合中系谱法或5％混合选择法选的材料有成熟略晚、种粒较大倾向。25％混选法或摘荚法选的材料植株较高,其次是10％混选法,5％混选法及系谱法入选材料较矮。在半野生组合中,采用10％混选法易于选取株高适宜、主茎节数多的大粒型材料。植株抗倒伏性的选择效果与株高相似。炸荚性不是一个难以克服的性状,各种选择方法的选择效果均十分相近。产量性状的选择效果差异不显著。在半野生组合中,10％、25％混选法及摘荚法选的材料蛋白质含量较高。(2)摘荚法及25％混选法选的材料性状变异较大,其次为10％混选法。(3)生育期、株高、抗倒伏性及百粒重的实际遗传进度均以系谱法、5％及10％混选法较大,产量性状的遗传进度差异不明显。由此可见,不同选择处理方法对不同组合类型材料的不同性状选择效果不尽相同,因此针对不同杂交组合类型材料的不同性状应运用不同的选择方法及选择强度。Progenies of F2 to F4 generations of crosses among three obviously different types of soybeans were made for selection by following methods; pedigree, pick-pod and mass selection under 5%, 10%, 25% selection intensities with similar selection purposes. The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of different selection methods. The experimental results showed that: (1) In the cross containing wild or semi-wild soy bean parent,materials obtained from SSD or 25% mass selection method seemed to mature 2~3 day later, and 100-seed weight averaged relatively smaller. In the cross between two cultivated soybeans, materials produced by pedigree or 5% mass selection method seemed to mature 2~3 day later, and 100-seed weight averaged relatively larger. Plant height of the materials selected by 5% mass selection or pedigree method averaged shorter and that of the materials from 10%、 25% mass selection and SSD method were taller. In the cross between semi-wild and cultivated soybeans, 10% mass selection produced materials with highest number of nodes on main stem, largest 100-seed weight and medium plant height. The extent of lodging index varied greatly with methods,and the selection result was similar to that of plant height. No significant differ ences were found in pod-splitting resistance, number of pods、 seeds and yield per plant among the materials developed by the different methods. Mean protein contents revealed that 10%, 25% mass selection and SSD method were equally successful, and all of them were better than 5% mass and pedigree methods. (2) The materials selected by 25% mass or SSD method was greatly larger in the coefficient of variability of traits in F4 generation than the other three meth ods , informing that utilizing relatively high selection intensity was apt to prompt segregating pop ulation to produce the n

关 键 词：选择方法 选择强度 大豆杂交组合 

分 类 号：S565.103.5[农业科学—作物学]